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Shloka 40

Mārkaṇḍeya’s Consolation to the King: Exempla of Rāma and the Efficacy of Allies (मार्कण्डेयाश्वासनम्)

रावयामास लोकान्‌ यत्‌ तस्माद्रावण उच्यते । दशग्रीव: कामबलो देवानां भयमादधत्‌,उसने सम्पूर्ण लोकोंको रुला दिया था; इसलिये वह रावण कहलाता है। दशाननका बल उसके इच्छानुसार बढ़ जाता था; अतः वह सदा देवताओंको भयभीत किये रहता था

rāvayāmāsa lokān yat tasmād rāvaṇa ucyate | daśagrīvaḥ kāmabalo devānāṃ bhayam ādadhat |

അവൻ സർവ്വ ലോകങ്ങളെയും കരയിച്ചു; അതുകൊണ്ടുതന്നെ അവൻ ‘രാവണൻ’ എന്നു വിളിക്കപ്പെട്ടു. ഇച്ഛാനുസാരം ബലം വർധിക്കുന്ന ദശഗ്രീവൻ ദേവന്മാർക്കു നിരന്തരം ഭയം വരുത്തിക്കൊണ്ടിരുന്നു.

रावयामासmade (them) cry; caused to lament
रावयामास:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootरावय् (रु/राव् caus.)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
लोकान्worlds/people
लोकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
यत्because/that (fact) which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
तस्मात्therefore; from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, ablative, singular
रावणःRāvaṇa
रावणः:
TypeNoun
Rootरावण
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd, singular, Ātmanepada (passive sense)
दशग्रीवःthe ten-necked one (Rāvaṇa)
दशग्रीवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदशग्रीव
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
कामबलःone whose strength is as he wishes; will-powered
कामबलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकामबल
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
Formneuter, accusative, singular
आदधत्placed/caused; inflicted (fear)
आदधत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-धा
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
R
Rāvaṇa
D
Daśagrīva (epithet of Rāvaṇa)
D
Devas
L
Lokas (worlds/peoples)

Educational Q&A

Power that expands according to personal desire (kāma) and is not restrained by dharma tends to produce widespread suffering and fear; such dominance becomes ethically condemnable and destabilizes the moral order.

Mārkaṇḍeya explains the epithet ‘Rāvaṇa’ by wordplay/etymology: he is so called because he made the worlds cry. He further characterizes him as ‘Daśagrīva,’ whose strength increased at will, and who continually terrified the gods.