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Shloka 18

Daitya-āśvāsana of Duryodhana; Karṇa’s assurance and the mobilization of the Kaurava host

शकुनिरुवाच धर्मज्ञ: पाण्डवो ज्येष्ठ: प्रतिज्ञातं च संसदि | तेन द्वादश वर्षाणि वस्तव्यानीति भारत,शकुनि बोला--भारत! ज्येष्ठ पाण्डव युधिष्ठिर धर्मात्मा हैं। उन्होंने भरी सभामें यह प्रतिज्ञा की है कि “हमें बारह वर्षोतक वनमें रहना है”

śakunir uvāca—dharmajñaḥ pāṇḍavo jyeṣṭhaḥ pratijñātaṃ ca saṃsadi | tena dvādaśa varṣāṇi vastavyānīti bhārata ||

ശകുനി പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ ഭാരത, പാണ്ഡവന്മാരിൽ ജ്യേഷ്ഠനായ യുദ്ധിഷ്ഠിരൻ ധർമ്മജ്ഞനാണ്. നിറഞ്ഞ സഭയിൽ അവൻ ഈ പ്രതിജ്ഞ ചെയ്തിരിക്കുന്നു; അതിനാൽ നിയമപ്രകാരം അവർ പന്ത്രണ്ടു വർഷം വനത്തിൽ തന്നെ വസിക്കണം.

शकुनिःShakuni
शकुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशकुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular
धर्मज्ञःknower of dharma
धर्मज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पाण्डवःthe Pandava (Yudhishthira)
पाण्डवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्येष्ठःeldest
ज्येष्ठः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिज्ञातम्promised, vowed
प्रतिज्ञातम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिज्ञा (प्रति + ज्ञा)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संसदिin the assembly
संसदि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंसद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
तेनby him / therefore
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeNumeral
Rootद्वादश
वर्षाणिyears
वर्षाणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
वस्तव्यानिto be dwelt (must be lived)
वस्तव्यानि:
TypeVerb
Rootवस्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

धृतराष्ट उवाच

Ś
Śakuni
P
Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira)
B
Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra addressed)

Educational Q&A

A public vow (pratijñā) binds the speaker; dharma includes steadfastness to one’s word even when it leads to suffering. The verse highlights ethical accountability in speech and commitment.

Śakuni reminds (the addressed Bhārata, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra) that Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava and a dharma-knower, made a pledge in the royal assembly, and thus the Pāṇḍavas are obligated to undergo twelve years of forest-dwelling/exile.