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Shloka 373

Agni’s Withdrawal to the Forest and Identification with Āṅgirasa (अग्न्याङ्गिरस-इतिहासः)

स्वाध्यायवानमन्तो वै त॑ देवा ब्राह्मणं विदु: । जो द्विजश्रेष्ठ ब्रह्मचर्यका पालन करे, उदार बने, वेदोंका अध्ययन करे और सतत सावधान रहकर स्वाध्यायमें ही लगा रहे, उसे देवतालोग ब्राह्मण मानते हैं

svādhyāyavān amanto vai taṃ devā brāhmaṇaṃ viduḥ | yo dvijaśreṣṭha brahmacaryakā pālana kare, udāra bane, vedāṃś ca adhyayane kare, satataṃ sāvadhānaḥ san svādhyāye eva lagnaḥ tiṣṭhet, taṃ devatālokā brāhmaṇaṃ manyante |

സ്വാധ്യായത്തിൽ നിരതനായി നിയന്ത്രണത്തോടെ പരിശ്രമിക്കുന്നവനെയാണ് ദേവന്മാർ ബ്രാഹ്മണനെന്ന് അറിയുന്നത്. ദ്വിജശ്രേഷ്ഠനായി ബ്രഹ്മചര്യം പാലിച്ച്, ഉദാരനായി, വേദങ്ങൾ പഠിച്ച്, നിത്യം ജാഗ്രതയോടെ സ്വാധ്യായത്തിൽ തന്നെ സ്ഥിരമായി നിലകൊള്ളുന്നവനെയാണ് ദേവഗണം ബ്രാഹ്മണനെന്ന് കരുതുന്നത്.

स्वाध्यायवानम्one possessing self-study (of the Veda)
स्वाध्यायवानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वाध्यायवत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अन्तःwithin, inwardly
अन्तः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्तः
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणम्a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विदुःknow, regard as
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

ब्राह्मण उवाच

ब्राह्मण (speaker)
देवाः (gods)
ब्राह्मण (ideal Brahmin)
वेदाः (the Vedas)
स्वाध्याय (Vedic study/recitation)
ब्रह्मचर्य (discipline/celibacy)

Educational Q&A

True Brahminhood is validated by disciplined conduct—especially brahmacarya, generosity of character, and continual svādhyāya (Vedic study/recitation)—rather than by mere social label; the gods are presented as the ultimate recognizers of this ethical standard.

A Brahmin speaker is defining the marks of an authentic Brahmin within a didactic passage, emphasizing vigilance, restraint, and sustained Vedic learning as the criteria by which even the gods acknowledge someone as a Brahmin.