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Shloka 24

मधुकैटभवधोपाख्यानम्

The Account of the Slaying of Madhu and Kaiṭabha

कुले जाताश्व क्लिश्यन्ते दौष्कुलेयवशानुगा: । आदयैर्दरिद्राश्चाक्रान्ता: कि नु दुःखतरं तत:,कुलीन मनुष्य भी नीच कुलके लोगोंके वशमें पड़कर क्लेश उठा रहे हैं और धनीलोग दरिद्रोंको सताते हैं। इससे बढ़कर दुःखकी बात और क्या हो सकती है?

kule jātāś ca kliśyante dauṣkuleyavaśānugāḥ | āḍhyair daridrāś cākrāntāḥ ki nu duḥkhataraṃ tataḥ ||

ബകൻ പറഞ്ഞു—കുലീനരായി ജനിച്ചവരും നീചകുലക്കാരുടെ അധീനതയിൽ പെട്ട് ക്ലേശിക്കുന്നു; ധനികർ ദരിദ്രരെ പീഡിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. ഇതിലധികം ദുഃഖം എന്തുണ്ട്?

कुलेin a family
कुले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
जाताःborn
जाताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजात (√जन्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्वhorses
अश्व:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्लिश्यन्तेsuffer / are afflicted
क्लिश्यन्ते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√क्लिश्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
दौष्कुलेयof low-born people
दौष्कुलेय:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootदौष्कुलेय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वशunder control / in subjection
वश:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अनुगाःfollowing; dependent
अनुगाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुग (√गम्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आदयैःby the wealthy / rich
आदयैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआद (आद)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
दरिद्राःthe poor
दरिद्राः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदरिद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आक्रान्ताःoppressed / overpowered
आक्रान्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआक्रान्त (आ-√क्रम्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
किम्what?
किम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नुindeed / then (interrogative particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
दुःखतरम्more painful / more miserable
दुःखतरम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखतर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ततःthan that
ततः:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

बक उवाच

B
Baka

Educational Q&A

The verse laments social inversion and injustice: when the worthy become dependent on the unworthy and when wealth becomes a tool for oppression, society’s suffering deepens. It highlights an ethical critique of power used without dharma.

In Baka’s speech, he points to a distressing state of the world: high-born people are forced into subservience under low-born controllers, and the poor are crushed by the rich. He presents this as an extreme form of human misery.