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Mahabharata 3.181.32Vana Parva, Adhyaya 181, Shloka 32

Karma, Preta-gati, and the Continuity of Phala

Mārkaṇḍeya’s Instruction

सर्वे सर्वास्वपत्यानि जनयन्ति सदा नरा: | वाड्मैथुनमथो जन्म मरणं च सम॑ नृणाम्‌

sarve sarvāsv apatyāni janayanti sadā narāḥ | vāg maithunam atho janma maraṇaṁ ca samaṁ nṛṇām |

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു— എല്ലാ മനുഷ്യരും എല്ലായ്പ്പോഴും എല്ലാ വിഭാഗങ്ങളിലെ സ്ത്രീകളിൽ നിന്നുമാണ് സന്താനം ജനിപ്പിക്കുന്നത്. വാക്ക്, മൈഥുനം, അതുപോലെ ജനനവും മരണവും—ഇവ മനുഷ്യരിൽ ഒരുപോലെ തന്നെയാണ് കാണപ്പെടുന്നത്. അതിനാൽ തത്ത്വദർശികൾ ശീലവും സ്വഭാവവും തന്നെയാണ് പ്രധാനമെന്ന് കരുതി, അതിനെയേ നിർണ്ണായക മാനദണ്ഡമാക്കുന്നു.

सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वासुin all (women/castes)
सर्वासु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
अपत्यानिoffspring
अपत्यानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअपत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
जनयन्तिbeget, generate
जनयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (जनयति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Causative (णिच्)
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
नराःmen, humans
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाक्speech
वाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मैथुनम्sexual union
मैथुनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमैथुन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अथand then/also
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
जन्मbirth
जन्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मरणम्death
मरणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमरण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
समम्equal, the same
समम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नृणाम्of men/humans
नृणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes that fundamental human realities—speech, sexuality, birth, and death—are common to all people; therefore, moral conduct (śīla) is the primary criterion for judging a person, rather than birth or group identity.

Yudhiṣṭhira is arguing a dharmic point in discussion: since human nature and life-cycle are shared across communities, the wise prioritize ethical character when determining worth and propriety.

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