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Shloka 1

Dyūta-doṣa-prakāśana — Kṛṣṇa’s Critique of Gambling and the Exile Crisis

हि ० आय न [हुक हि 7 आम चतुर्दशो 5 ध्याय: द्यूतके समय न पहुँचनेमें श्रीकृष्णके द्वारा शाल्वके साथ युद्ध करने और सौभविमानसहित उसे नष्ट करनेका संक्षिप्त वर्णन युधिछिर उवाच असांनिध्यं कथं कृष्ण तवासीदू वृष्णिनन्दन । क्व चासीदू विप्रवासस्ते कि चाकार्षी: प्रवासत:,युधिष्ठिरने कहा--वृष्णिकुलको आनन्दित करनेवाले श्रीकृष्ण! जब यहाँ द्यूतक्रीडाका आयोजन हो रहा था, उस समय तुम द्वारकामें क्‍यों अनुपस्थित रहे? उन दिनों तुम्हारा निवास कहाँ था और उस प्रवासके द्वारा तुमने कौन-सा कार्य सिद्ध किया?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—

Asānnidhyaṃ kathaṃ Kṛṣṇa tavāsīd, Vṛṣṇinandana?

Kva cāsīd vipravāsas te, kiṃ cākārṣīḥ pravāsataḥ?

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു— ഹേ കൃഷ്ണാ, വൃഷ്ണിവംശത്തിന്റെ ആനന്ദമേ! ഇവിടെ പാശകളി ഒരുക്കപ്പെടുമ്പോൾ നീ എന്തുകൊണ്ട് സന്നിഹിതനായിരുന്നില്ല? ആ അഭാവകാലത്ത് നീ എവിടെയായിരുന്നു, ആ പ്രവാസംകൊണ്ട് നീ ഏത് ലക്ഷ്യം സാധിച്ചു?

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
असांनिध्यम्absence / non-presence
असांनिध्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअसांनिध्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
कृष्णO Kṛṣṇa
कृष्ण:
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तवof you / your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
वृष्णिनन्दनO delight of the Vṛṣṇis
वृष्णिनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootवृष्णिनन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
क्वwhere
क्व:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्व
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
विप्रवासःabsence / being away
विप्रवासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रवास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेof you / your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अकार्षीःdid / accomplished
अकार्षीः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPerfect, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रवासतःfrom (that) sojourn/absence
प्रवासतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवास
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kṛṣṇa
V
Vṛṣṇi (clan)
D
Dyūta (dice-game, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames ethical responsibility in leadership and friendship: in moments of moral and political crisis (like the dice-game), the absence of wise counsel becomes a serious concern. Yudhiṣṭhira’s question highlights accountability—seeking causes and purposes behind actions rather than assuming negligence.

After the catastrophe of the dice-game and its consequences, Yudhiṣṭhira asks Kṛṣṇa why he was not present at that critical time, where he had gone, and what he achieved during his absence—setting up Kṛṣṇa’s explanation (linked in this chapter’s framing to events such as the Śālva conflict and the destruction of Saubha).