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Shloka 14

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय ७७: पुरुषकार–दैवसंयोगः तथा दुष्टमन्त्रपरामर्शस्य राजनैतिक-परिणामः

Human Effort, Contingency, and the Political Effects of Corrupt Counsel

समाहूतो निवर्तेत प्राणत्यागे5प्युपस्थिते । क्षत्रियकुलमें उत्पन्न हुआ कोई भी धनुर्धर पुरुष किसीके द्वारा युद्धके लिये आमन्त्रित होनेपर कैसे पीछे हट सकता है? भले ही वैसा करनेपर उसके लिये प्राण-त्यागका संकट भी उपस्थित हो जाय ॥। १३ है ।। अधर्मेण जितान्‌ दृष्ट्वा वने प्रव्रजितांस्तथा

samāhūto nivarteta prāṇatyāge 'py upasthite | kṣatriyakulam utpanno dhanurdharaḥ pumān kathaṃ parair āhūto yuddhāya nivartitum arhati ||

അർജുനൻ പറഞ്ഞു—യുദ്ധത്തിനായി ഔപചാരികമായി വിളിക്കപ്പെട്ട ക്ഷത്രിയകുലജനനായ ധനുർധരൻ എങ്ങനെ പിന്മാറും? പ്രാണത്യാഗത്തിന്റെ ഭീഷണി മുന്നിലുണ്ടായാലും അവൻ പിന്തിരിയുകയില്ല।

समाहूतःhaving been summoned/called
समाहूतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-हू (धातु) → समाहूत (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निवर्तेतshould turn back/withdraw
निवर्तेत:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-वृत् (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्राणत्यागेin (the situation of) giving up life; in death
प्राणत्यागे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण-त्याग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उपस्थितेwhen present/when arisen
उपस्थिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउप-स्था (धातु) → उपस्थित (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अधर्मेणby unrighteousness; unjustly
अधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
जितान्conquered/defeated
जितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजि (धातु) → जित (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), Parasmaipada (usage)
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
प्रव्रजितान्gone forth/exiled; having departed
प्रव्रजितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-√व्रज् (धातु) → प्रव्रजित (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तान्those (men)
तान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तथाthus/so; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

अर्जुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
kṣatriya (warrior class)
D
dhanus (bow)
Y
yuddha (battle)

Educational Q&A

The verse asserts kṣatriya-dharma: once a warrior is duly summoned to battle, retreat is dishonorable and contrary to duty, even if death is likely.

Arjuna is speaking in the Udyoga Parva context of escalating conflict, emphasizing the warrior code that obliges him (and any kṣatriya archer) to answer a call to fight rather than withdraw.