Shloka 4

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 69: Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Reverential Address to Sañjaya on Vāsudeva

Devanagari script

मौनाद्‌ ध्यानाच्च योगाच्च विद्धि भारत माधवम्‌ | सर्वतत्त्वमयत्वाच्च मधुहा मधुसूदन:

Transliteration

maunād dhyānāc ca yogāc ca viddhi bhārata mādhavam | sarvatattvamayatvāc ca madhuhā madhusūdanaḥ ||

Translation

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ ഭാരതാ! മൗനം, ധ്യാനം, യോഗം എന്നിവയാൽ അവനെ സാക്ഷാത്കരിക്കാം; അതിനാൽ അവനെ ‘മാധവ’ എന്നു അറിയുക. കൂടാതെ അവൻ സർവ്വതത്ത്വമയനും സർവ്വതത്ത്വങ്ങളുടെ അധിഷ്ഠാനവും ആയതിനാൽ മധുസൂദനൻ ‘മധുഹാ’ എന്നും വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'maunāt (मौनात्)', 'definition': 'from silence

• inner stillness, restraint of speech and mind'}, {'term': 'dhyānāt (ध्यानात्)', 'definition': 'from meditation

• sustained contemplative attention'}, {'term': 'yogāt (योगात्)', 'definition': 'from yoga

• disciplined spiritual integration/union'}, {'term': 'viddhi (विद्धि)', 'definition': 'know

• understand, recognize'}, {'term': 'bhārata (भारत)', 'definition': 'O descendant of Bharata

• address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (and/or the Kuru line)'}, {'term': 'mādhavam (माधवम्)', 'definition': 'Mādhava

• an epithet of Kṛṣṇa (often linked with Lakṣmī/‘mā’ and/or the Madhu lineage)'}, {'term': 'sarva-tattva-mayatvāt (सर्वतत्त्वमयत्वात्)', 'definition': 'because of being constituted of/identical with all tattvas

• pervading all fundamental principles'}, {'term': 'madhuhā (मधुहा)', 'definition': '‘Madhu-slayer’ or ‘one who bears/contains Madhu’

• here glossed as the substratum and support of all elements signified by ‘madhu’'}, {'term': 'madhusūdanaḥ (मधुसूदनः)', 'definition': 'Madhusūdana

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhārata (Kuru descendant; Dhṛtarāṣṭra addressed)
• Mādhava (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
• Madhusūdana (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
• Madhuhā (epithet of Śrī Kṛṣṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames true recognition of Kṛṣṇa (as Mādhava/Madhusūdana) as arising from inner disciplines—silence, meditation, and yoga—and presents him as the all-pervading ground of reality (sarva-tattva-maya), not merely a historical actor in the coming conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya, reporting to the Kuru king, characterizes Kṛṣṇa through reverential epithets and spiritual criteria of knowing him, emphasizing his cosmic stature and the contemplative means by which sages apprehend him amid the tense pre-war deliberations of the Udyoga Parva.