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Shloka 22

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

कामक्रोधग्राहवतीं पजड्चेन्द्रियजलां नदीम्‌ । नावं धृतिमयीं कृत्वा जन्मदुर्गाणि संतर,काम-क्रोधादिरूप ग्राहसे भरी, पाँच इन्द्रियोंके जलसे पूर्ण इस संसारनदीके जन्म- मरणरूप दुर्गम प्रवाहको धैर्यकी नौका बनाकर पार कीजिये

kāmakrodhagrāhavatīṁ pañcendriyajalāṁ nadīm | nāvaṁ dhṛtimayīṁ kṛtvā janmadurgāṇi santara ||

കാമവും ക്രോധവും എന്ന ഗ്രാഹങ്ങളാൽ നിറഞ്ഞും പഞ്ചേന്ദ്രിയങ്ങളുടെ ജലത്താൽ പൊങ്ങിയും വരുന്ന ഈ സംസാരനദിയെ—ധൈര്യത്തെ നാവാക്കി ജന്മമരണങ്ങളുടെ ദുർഗമ കടവുകൾ കടന്നുപോവുക.

कामdesire
काम:
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्रोधanger
क्रोध:
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ग्राहcrocodile; grasping creature
ग्राह:
TypeNoun
Rootग्राह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वतीम्possessing (having)
वतीम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवत् (मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त: वत्/वती)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्च
इन्द्रियof the senses
इन्द्रिय:
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
जलाम्having water; watery
जलाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootजल
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नदीम्river
नदीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नावम्boat
नावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनौ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
धृतिsteadfastness; fortitude
धृति:
TypeNoun
Rootधृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
मयीम्consisting of; made of
मयीम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमय (मयट्-प्रत्ययान्त: मय/मयी)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
जन्मbirths
जन्म:
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
दुर्गाणिdifficult passages; hard-to-cross places
दुर्गाणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
संतरcross over
संतर:
TypeVerb
Rootसंतॄ (सम्+तॄ)
FormLot (imperative), Second, Singular, Active

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
kāma (desire)
K
krodha (anger)
P
pañcendriya (five senses)
S
saṁsāra-nadī (river of worldly existence)
D
dhṛti (steadfastness) as a boat

Educational Q&A

Worldly life is dangerous because desire and anger ‘devour’ discernment, and the senses keep the mind turbulent. The remedy is dhṛti—steady resolve and self-restraint—by which one can cross the hardships of repeated birth and death.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura is giving moral counsel (Vidura-nīti) to guide right conduct amid rising conflict. Here he uses a vivid metaphor: saṁsāra is a river, passions are crocodiles, the senses are its waters, and steadfastness is the boat needed to cross.