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Shloka 21

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

आत्मा नदी भारत पुण्यतीर्था सत्योदका धृतिकूला दयोर्मि: । तस्यां स्नात: पूयते पुण्यकर्मा पुण्यो ह्वात्मा नित्यमलो भ एव,भारत! यह जीवात्मा एक नदी है। इसमें पुण्य ही तीर्थ है। सत्यस्वरूप परमात्मासे इसका उद्गम हुआ है। धैर्य ही इसके किनारे हैं। दया इसकी लहरें हैं। पुण्यकर्म करनेवाला मनुष्य इसमें स्नान करके पवित्र होता है; क्योंकि लोभरहित आत्मा सदा पवित्र ही है

ātmā nadī bhārata puṇyatīrthā satyodakā dhṛtikūlā dayormīḥ | tasyāṃ snātaḥ pūyate puṇyakarmā puṇyo hy ātmā nityamalo bhava, bhārata ||

ഹേ ഭാരതാ! ആത്മാവ് ഒരു നദിപോലെ; പുണ്യമാണ് അതിലെ തീർത്ഥം. സത്യം അതിന്റെ ജലം, ധൈര്യം അതിന്റെ കരകൾ, ദയ അതിന്റെ തരംഗങ്ങൾ. പുണ്യകർമ്മം ചെയ്യുന്നവൻ ആ നദിയിൽ സ്നാനം ചെയ്ത് ശുദ്ധനാകുന്നു; കാരണം ലോഭരഹിതമായ ആത്മാവ് നിത്യവും നിർമലമാണ്.

आत्माthe self (jīvātman)
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नदीriver
नदी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पुण्यmerit; holy
पुण्य:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तीर्थाford; sacred bathing-place
तीर्था:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतीर्थ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यtruth
सत्य:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उदकाwater
उदका:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउदक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
धृतिsteadfastness; patience
धृति:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कूलाbanks (two banks)
कूला:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Dual
दयाcompassion
दया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ऊर्मिःwave
ऊर्मिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऊर्मि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तस्याम्in that (river)
तस्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
स्नातःhaving bathed
स्नातः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्ना
Formक्त (past passive participle, used actively), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पूयतेis purified
पूयते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपू
FormLat, Present, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
पुण्यकर्माone whose deeds are meritorious
पुण्यकर्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्यकर्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुण्यःpure; meritorious
पुण्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
आत्माthe self
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यever; constant
नित्य:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अमलःstainless; pure
अमलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअमल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be / is (in sense: is indeed)
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormVidhi-lin, Optative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
B
Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra addressed)
Ā
Ātmā (the self) as a metaphorical river
T
Tīrtha (sacred ford)

Educational Q&A

Inner purity is achieved through living truthfully, with steadfast self-control and compassion; when greed is absent, the self is inherently stainless, and righteous action is like bathing in a sacred river that purifies.

In Vidura’s counsel to Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Udyoga Parva, he uses a vivid metaphor—Ātmā as a holy river—to urge ethical conduct and inner discipline as the true means of purification amid the rising conflict.