Shloka 40

हंस–साध्यसंवादः, वाक्-निग्रहः, महाकुल-लक्षणम्, शान्ति-उपायः

Hamsa–Sādhya Dialogue; Restraint of Speech; Marks of Noble Lineage; Means to Peace

Devanagari script

हितं यत्‌ सर्वभूतानामात्मनश्न सुखावहम्‌ | तत्‌ कुयदीश्वरे होतन्मूलं सर्वार्थसिद्धये

Transliteration

hitaṃ yat sarvabhūtānām ātmanaś ca sukhāvaham | tat kuryād īśvare hotaṃ mūlaṃ sarvārthasiddhaye ||

Translation

സകല ജീവികൾക്കും ഹിതകരവും, തനിക്കും ശുഭസുഖം നൽകുന്നതുമായ പ്രവർത്തി ഈശ്വരാർപ്പണബുദ്ധിയോടെ ചെയ്യണം; സകലാർത്ഥസിദ്ധിയുടെ മൂലമന്ത്രം ഇതുതന്നെ.

Word by Word

• हितम्: beneficial (thing)
• हितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हित (√धा > हित, past passive participle used adjectivally)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• यत्: which/that
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• सर्वभूतानाम्: of all beings
• सर्वभूतानाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्वभूत (सर्व + भूत)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• आत्मनः: of oneself
• आत्मनः: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सुखावहम्: bringing happiness
• सुखावहम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुखावह (सुख + आवह)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• तत्: that (act/thing)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कुर्यात्: should do
• कुर्यात्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• ईश्वरे: in/unto the Lord
• ईश्वरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• हुतम्: offered (as oblation)
• हुतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हुत (√हु > हुत, past passive participle)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• मूलम्: root/cause
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूल
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• सर्वार्थसिद्धये: for the accomplishment of all aims
• सर्वार्थसिद्धये: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्वार्थसिद्धि (सर्व + अर्थ + सिद्धि)
• Form: Feminine, Dative, Singular

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura
• Īśvara (the Lord)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Choose actions that are beneficial to all beings and also wholesome for oneself, and perform them as an offering to Īśvara; this attitude of welfare plus dedication is presented as the foundational means for accomplishing all worthy aims.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura delivers ethical counsel (nīti) during the tense pre-war negotiations, urging a dharmic orientation: act for universal welfare and relinquish ego by dedicating deeds to the Lord.