Shloka 39

हंस–साध्यसंवादः, वाक्-निग्रहः, महाकुल-लक्षणम्, शान्ति-उपायः

Hamsa–Sādhya Dialogue; Restraint of Speech; Marks of Noble Lineage; Means to Peace

Devanagari script

उत्पाद्य पुत्राननृणां श्व कृत्वा वृत्तिं च तेभ्योडनुविधाय कांचित्‌ । स्थाने कुमारी: प्रतिपाद्य सर्वा अरण्यसंस्थो<थ मुनिर्बुभूषेत्‌

Transliteration

utpādya putrān anṛṇāṁś ca kṛtvā vṛttiṁ ca tebhyo 'nuvadhāya kāñcit | sthāne kumārīḥ pratipādya sarvā araṇya-saṁstho 'tha munir bubhūṣet ||

Translation

പുത്രന്മാരെ ജനിപ്പിച്ച് അവരെ കടബാധ്യതയിൽ നിന്ന് മോചിപ്പിച്ച്, അവർക്കായി യോജ്യമായ ഉപജീവനമാർഗം ഒരുക്കി; യഥാകാലം എല്ലാ പുത്രിമാരെയും യോഗ്യനായ വരനോട് വിവാഹം കഴിപ്പിച്ച്—അതിനുശേഷം മാത്രമേ വനത്തിലേക്ക് മാറി മുനിവൃത്തിയിൽ ജീവിക്കുവാൻ ആഗ്രഹിക്കാവൂ.

Word by Word

• उत्पाद्य: having produced/begotten
• उत्पाद्य: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्-√पद् (उत्पादयति)
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-प्रयोग (causative sense)

• पुत्रान्: sons
• पुत्रान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अनृणान्: free from debt/obligation
• अनृणान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनृण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• स्व: one's own
• स्व: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• कृत्वा: having made
• कृत्वा: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active

• वृत्तिम्: livelihood/means of living
• वृत्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्ति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• तेभ्यः: for them/to them
• तेभ्यः: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Plural

• अनुविधाय: having arranged/provided
• अनुविधाय: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-√धा
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active

• काञ्चित्: some (suitable)
• काञ्चित्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: किम् (काचित्)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• स्थाने: in the proper place/at the right time
• स्थाने: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थान
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• कुमारीः: daughters/maidens
• कुमारीः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमारी
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• प्रतिपाद्य: having given away/settled (in marriage)
• प्रतिपाद्य: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-√पद् (प्रतिपादयति)
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active (causative sense)

• सर्वाः: all
• सर्वाः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• अरण्यसंस्थः: dwelling in the forest
• अरण्यसंस्थः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अरण्य-संस्थ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अथ: then/thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• मुनिः: a sage
• मुनिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• बुभूषेत्: should wish to be/should desire (to live)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (desiderative: बुभूष्)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), Third, Singular, परस्मैपद

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura
• sons (putrāḥ)
• daughters (kumārīḥ)
• forest (araṇya)
• sage/ascetic (muni)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Renunciation (forest-dwelling, sage-life) is proper only after completing household duties: raising children, settling them with livelihood, and marrying daughters appropriately. Dharma requires responsibility before withdrawal.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vidura is giving ethical counsel (nīti) in the Udyoga Parva, outlining the correct sequence of life: fulfill familial and social obligations first, and only then adopt the ascetic/forest stage.