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Shloka 23

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

विदुर उवाच तपो दमो ब्रह्मवित्तं विताना: पुण्या विवाहा: सततान्नदानम्‌ | येष्वेवैते सप्त गुणा वसन्ति सम्यग्वृत्तास्तानि महाकुलानि,विदुरजी बोले--राजन्‌! जिनमें तप, इन्द्रियसंयम, वेदोंका स्वाध्याय, यज्ञ, पवित्र विवाह, सदा अन्नदान और सदाचार--ये सात गुण वर्तमान हैं, उन्हें महान्‌ (उत्तम) कुलीन कहते हैं

vidura uvāca—tapo damo brahmavittaṃ vitānāḥ puṇyā vivāhāḥ satatānna-dānam | yeṣv evaite sapta guṇā vasanti samyag-vṛttās tāni mahā-kulāni ||

വിദുരൻ പറഞ്ഞു— രാജാവേ! തപസ്, ഇന്ദ്രിയസംയമനം, വേദ-ബ്രഹ്മവിദ്യ, യജ്ഞാനുഷ്ഠാനങ്ങളുടെ പരിപാലനം, പവിത്രമായ വിവാഹം, നിരന്തര അന്നദാനം, സമ്യക് സദാചാരം—ഈ ഏഴ് ഗുണങ്ങൾ യഥാർത്ഥത്തിൽ വസിക്കുന്ന കുലങ്ങളേ ‘മഹാകുലങ്ങൾ’ എന്നു വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.

विदुरःVidura
विदुरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविदुर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मवित्तम्knowledge of Brahman/Veda (brahma-knowledge)
ब्रह्मवित्तम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मवित्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वितानाःsacrificial rites/ceremonial performances
वितानाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवितान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुण्याःholy, meritorious
पुण्याः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विवाहाःmarriages
विवाहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविवाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सततalways, continually
सतत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
अन्नदानम्giving of food
अन्नदानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्नदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
येषुin which (families)
येषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
एतेthese
एते:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सप्तseven
सप्त:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसप्त
गुणाःqualities, virtues
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वसन्तिdwell, abide, are present
वसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural
सम्यक्properly, rightly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
वृत्ताःwell-conducted, of good conduct
वृत्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तानिthose
तानि:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
महाकुलानिgreat/noble families
महाकुलानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहाकुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
King (rājan; addressed figure)

Educational Q&A

Nobility of birth is validated by lived virtues: discipline, self-restraint, Vedic/Brahman-knowledge, sustaining sacred rites, pure marriage practices, continual food-charity, and upright conduct. A ‘great family’ is defined ethically, not merely by ancestry.

In Vidura’s counsel to the king during the Udyoga Parva’s tense pre-war deliberations, he sets a moral standard for what counts as true high lineage, redirecting attention from pride of birth to dharmic behavior and public-minded virtue.