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Shloka 2

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

चरन्तं हंसरूपेण महर्षि संशितव्रतम्‌ । साध्या देवा महाप्राज्ञं पर्यपृच्छन्त वै पुरा,प्राचीनकालकी बात है, उत्तम व्रतवाले महाबुद्धिमान्‌ महर्षि दत्तात्रेयजी हंस (परमहंस)-रूपसे विचर रहे थे; उस समय साध्यदेवताओंने उनसे पूछा

carantaṃ haṃsarūpeṇa maharṣiṃ saṃśitavratam | sādhya devā mahāprājñaṃ paryapṛcchanta vai purā ||

പ്രാചീനകാലത്ത് ദൃഢവ്രതനും മഹാപ്രാജ്ഞനുമായ മഹർഷി ദത്താത്രേയൻ പരമഹംസ-രൂപത്തിൽ സഞ്ചരിച്ചുകൊണ്ടിരുന്നു. അപ്പോൾ സാധ്യദേവന്മാർ ആ പരമജ്ഞാനിയെ സമീപിച്ച് ധർമ്മവും പരമതത്ത്വവും സംബന്ധിച്ച് ചോദ്യം ചെയ്തു.

चरन्तम्wandering, moving about
चरन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
Formशतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
हंसरूपेणin the form of a swan
हंसरूपेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहंसरूप
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
महर्षिम्the great sage
महर्षिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संशितव्रतम्of well-sharpened/strict vows
संशितव्रतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशितव्रत
Formक्त (भूतकृदन्त), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
साध्याःthe Sādhyas (a class of gods)
साध्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाध्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महाप्राज्ञम्the very wise
महाप्राज्ञम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाप्राज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पर्यपृच्छन्asked (repeatedly / all around)
पर्यपृच्छन्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada, परि-
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
पुराformerly, in ancient times
पुरा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा

विदुर उवाच

M
Mahārṣi (unnamed in the verse; traditionally identified in this episode as Dattātreya in some recensions/retellings)
S
Sādhya Devas
H
Haṃsa (paramahaṃsa form)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames dharma as something approached through humble inquiry: even divine beings seek instruction from a sage who embodies disciplined vows and higher discernment, suggesting that ethical clarity arises from wisdom, restraint, and asking the right questions.

Vidura introduces an ancient episode: a great sage, moving about in the symbolic haṃsa/paramahaṃsa form, is approached by the Sādhya gods, who question him—setting up a didactic dialogue meant to illuminate right conduct and higher truth.