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Shloka 27

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

तत्त्वज्ञ: सर्वभूतानां योगज्ञ: सर्वकर्मणाम्‌ । उपायज्ञो मनुष्याणां नर: पण्डित उच्यते,जो सम्पूर्ण भौतिक पदार्थोकी असलियतका ज्ञान रखनेवाला, सब कार्योंके करनेका ढंग जाननेवाला तथा मनुष्योंमें सबसे बढ़कर उपायका जानकार है, वह मनुष्य पण्डित कहलाता है

tattvajñaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ yogajñaḥ sarvakarmaṇām | upāyajño manuṣyāṇāṃ naraḥ paṇḍita ucyate ||

സകലഭൂതങ്ങളുടെയും തത്ത്വം അറിയുന്നവൻ, എല്ലാ കര്‍മ്മങ്ങളുടെയും യോഗം—അഥവാ ശരിയായ ശാസ്ത്രവിധിയും രീതിയും—അറിയുന്നവൻ, മനുഷ്യരിൽ ഉപായജ്ഞാനത്തിൽ ഏറ്റവും പ്രാവീണ്യമുള്ളവൻ—അവനെയാണ് പണ്ഡിതൻ എന്നു പറയുന്നത്।

तत्त्वज्ञःknower of reality/essence
तत्त्वज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतत्त्वज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वभूतानाम्of all beings
सर्वभूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
योगज्ञःknower of methods/means (yoga)
योगज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयोगज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वकर्मणाम्of all actions/works
सर्वकर्मणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
उपायज्ञःknower of expedients/strategies
उपायज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपायज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मनुष्याणाम्of men/humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पण्डितःa learned man/sage
पण्डितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपण्डित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

A true paṇḍita combines three competencies: insight into reality (tattva-jñāna), mastery of right method in action (yoga-jñāna), and practical knowledge of effective means (upāya-jñāna). Wisdom is not only theory but also disciplined action and skillful, ethical strategy.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura delivers counsel (nīti) during the tense pre-war negotiations. Here he defines what counts as genuine learning and competence, implicitly urging rulers and courtiers to value truth, disciplined conduct, and prudent means over mere rhetoric or power.