Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 21

अध्याय २९ — वासुदेव–संजय संवादः

Karma, Varṇa-Dharma, and the Ethics of Governance

अर्हत्तम: कुरुषु सौमदत्ति: स नो भ्राता संजय मत्सखा च | महेष्वासो रथिनामुत्तमो्ई: सहामात्य: कुशल तस्य पृच्छे:

arhattamaḥ kuruṣu saumadattiḥ sa no bhrātā saṃjaya matsakha ca | maheṣvāso rathinām uttamo hi sahāmātyaḥ kuśalaṃ tasya pṛccheḥ ||

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—സഞ്ജയാ! കുരുക്കളിൽ സൗമദത്തി (ഭൂരിശ്രവസ്) ഏറ്റവും ആദരണീയൻ. അവൻ നമ്മുടെ ബന്ധുവും എന്റെ പ്രിയസുഹൃത്തും കൂടിയാണ്. മഹാരഥികളിൽ അവൻ അഗ്രഗണ്യൻ—മഹാധനുർധരനും പൂജ്യവീരനും. എന്റെ പേരിൽ അവന്റെ മന്ത്രിമാരോടുകൂടി അവന്റെ കുശലമംഗലം ചോദിക്കണം।

अर्हत्तमःmost worthy / most venerable
अर्हत्तमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्हत्तम (अर्हत् + तमप्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुरुषुamong the Kurus / in the Kurus
कुरुषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
सौमदत्तिःthe son of Somadatta (Bhūriśravas)
सौमदत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसौमदत्ति (सोमदत्त-पुत्र)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नःof us / our
नः:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Plural
भ्राताbrother / kinsman
भ्राता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मत्सखःmy friend
मत्सखः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्सख (मत् + सख)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महेष्वासःgreat archer
महेष्वासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहेष्वास (महान् + इष्वास)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथिनाम्of chariot-warriors
रथिनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
उत्तमःthe best / foremost
उत्तमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
अमात्यैःwith ministers
अमात्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कुशलम्welfare / well-being
कुशलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुशल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्यof him
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
पृच्छेI ask / I inquire
पृच्छे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormPresent, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
S
Sañjaya
S
Somadatta
B
Bhūriśravas (Saumadatti)
K
Kuru lineage (Kurus)
M
ministers/counsellors (āmātya)

Educational Q&A

Even amid impending conflict, dharma expresses itself through respect for worthy persons, acknowledgment of kinship, and courteous inquiry into another’s welfare; honor and ethical speech are maintained alongside political necessity.

In the pre-war diplomatic exchanges of the Udyoga Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira instructs Sañjaya to convey greetings and ask after the well-being of Bhūriśravas (Saumadatti), praising him as an honored Kuru and foremost chariot-warrior.