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Shloka 49

Vṛtra’s Cosmic Threat, Viṣṇu’s Upāya, and the Conditional Vulnerability

Udyoga-parva 10

अराजकं जगत्‌ सर्वमभिभूतमुपद्रव: । ततो भीता5भवन्‌ देवा: को नो राजा भवेदिति,सम्पूर्ण जगत्‌में अराजकताके कारण भारी उपद्रव होने लगे। स्वर्गमें देवराज इन्द्रके न होनेसे देवता तथा देवर्षि भी भयभीत होकर सोचने लगे--“अब हमारा राजा कौन होगा?' देवताओंमेंसे कोई भी स्वर्गका राजा बननेका विचार नहीं करता था

arājakaṁ jagat sarvam abhibhūtam upadravaiḥ | tato bhītā abhavan devāḥ ko no rājā bhaved iti ||

ലോകം മുഴുവൻ രാജാവില്ലാതെ ഉപദ്രവങ്ങളാൽ കീഴടക്കപ്പെട്ടു. അപ്പോൾ ദേവന്മാർ ഭീതരായി— “ഇനി നമ്മുടെ രാജാവ് ആര്?” എന്നു ചിന്തിച്ചു.

अराजकम्kingless, without a ruler
अराजकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअराजक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
जगत्the world
जगत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्entire, all
सर्वम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अभिभूतम्overwhelmed, overpowered
अभिभूतम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-भू (धातु) → अभिभूत (कृदन्त, क्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उपद्रवैःby calamities/disturbances
उपद्रवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउपद्रव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
ततःthereupon, then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
भीताःafraid
भीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभी (धातु) → भीत (कृदन्त, क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अभवन्became
अभवन्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Plural
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नःof us / our
नः:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive, Plural
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्might be / should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Third, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)

शल्य उवाच

D
Devāḥ (the gods)
I
Indra (implied by the context of the king of heaven being absent)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores a dharmic political ethic: when legitimate rulership is absent, society is quickly overwhelmed by upadravas (disturbances). Order, protection, and justice depend on responsible kingship; leaderlessness breeds fear even among those who are otherwise powerful.

Śalya describes a time of leaderlessness: the world suffers widespread turmoil, and the gods—feeling the vacuum created by the absence of their king (Indra)—become anxious and ask who will rule them.