Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 11

Adhyāya 90 — Protection of Livelihoods, Brahmanical Subsistence Norms, and Royal Oversight (राष्ट्रवृत्ति-राष्ट्रगुप्ति-उपदेशः)

सदैव राज्ञा योद्धव्यं सर्वलोकाद्‌ युधिष्िर । तस्माद्धेतोहि युज्जीत मनुष्यानेव मानव:,युधिष्ठिर! राजाको सब लोगोंकी भलाईके लिये सदा ही युद्ध करना अथवा उसके लिये उद्यत रहना चाहिये। अतः वह मानवशिरोमणि नरेश शत्रुओंकी गतिविधिको जाननेके लिये मनुष्योंको ही गुप्तचर नियत कर दे

sadaiva rājñā yoddhavyaṃ sarvalokād yudhiṣṭhira | tasmād heto hi yujjīta manuṣyān eva mānavaḥ ||

യുധിഷ്ഠിരാ! സർവ്വജനഹിതത്തിനായി രാജാവ് എപ്പോഴും യുദ്ധം ചെയ്യുകയോ യുദ്ധത്തിന് സന്നദ്ധനായി നിലകൊള്ളുകയോ വേണം. അതുകൊണ്ട് മനുഷ്യരിൽ ശ്രേഷ്ഠനായ ആ നൃപൻ ശത്രുക്കളുടെ ഗതിവിഗതികൾ അറിയാൻ മനുഷ്യരെയേ തന്നെ ഗൂഢചരന്മാരായി നിയോഗിക്കണം.

सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
योद्धव्यम्must be fought / one should fight
योद्धव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligative), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वलोकात्from/for all the people (all the world)
सर्वलोकात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वलोक
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that reason
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
हेतोःfrom the cause / for this reason
हेतोः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
युज्जीतshould employ/should appoint
युज्जीत:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Parasmaipada, 3rd, Singular
मनुष्यान्men/humans
मनुष्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
मानवःthe man (i.e., the king)
मानवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
T
the king (rājā)
A
all people (sarvaloka)

Educational Q&A

A king’s dharma is the protection of all people; this requires constant readiness for conflict when necessary and the prudent use of intelligence (spies) to understand enemy intentions, so that war is undertaken responsibly and effectively.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue on rājadharma, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on practical governance: the ruler must remain prepared to defend the realm and should deploy human agents to monitor adversaries and anticipate threats.