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Shloka 58

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

विश्वावयुरुवाच पज्चविंशं यदेतत्‌ ते प्रोक्त ब्राह्मणसत्तम । तथा तन्न तथा चेति तद्‌ भवान्‌ वक्तुमहति

Viśvāyur uvāca—pañcaviṁśaṁ yad etat te proktaṁ brāhmaṇa-sattama, tathā tan na tathā ceti tad bhavān vaktum arhati.

വിശ്വായു പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ ബ്രാഹ്മണശ്രേഷ്ഠാ! നിങ്ങൾ പഞ്ചവിംശ തത്ത്വമായ ജീവാത്മാവ് പരമാത്മാവിനോട് അഭിന്നമാണെന്ന് ഉപദേശിച്ചു; എന്നാൽ ജീവാത്മാവ് വാസ്തവത്തിൽ പരമാത്മാവിനോട് ഒരേയാണോ, അല്ലയോ എന്ന സംശയം ഉയരുന്നു. അതിനാൽ ദയവായി ഇത് വ്യക്തമായി വിശദീകരിക്കണം.

विश्वावयुःViśvāyu (name of the speaker)
विश्वावयुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वावयु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
पञ्चविंशम्the twenty-fifth (principle)
पञ्चविंशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चविंश
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
प्रोक्तम्told/declared
प्रोक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
Formkta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणसत्तमO best of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणसत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तथाthus/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाso/thus
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तत्that (point)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भवान्you (honorific)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वक्तुम्to speak/to explain
वक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formtumun (infinitive)
अर्हतिis fit/ought
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, 3, Singular

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

V
Viśvāyu
B
Brāhmaṇa-sattama (addressed sage)
J
jīvātman (implied: individual self)
P
paramātman (implied: Supreme Self)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a key Vedāntic inquiry: whether the individual self (jīvātman), described as the ‘twenty-fifth principle,’ is truly non-different from the Supreme Self (paramātman). It emphasizes the need for precise clarification when teaching non-duality, because liberation-oriented ethics and practice depend on correct understanding of the self.

An interlocutor named Viśvāyu raises a philosophical doubt to the revered teacher addressed as ‘best of Brāhmaṇas.’ He asks the teacher to resolve the apparent contradiction—‘so or not so’—about the identity of the individual self with the Supreme, prompting a more explicit doctrinal explanation.