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Shloka 25

अध्याय २९७ — श्रेयः, धृति, दान-नियमाः

Welfare, Steadfastness, and Norms of Giving

विषमुद्बन्धनं दाहो दस्युहस्तात्‌ तथा वध: । देष्टिभ्यश्न पशुभ्यश्ष प्राकृतो वध उच्यते

viṣam udbandhanaṁ dāho dasyu-hastāt tathā vadhaḥ | dṛṣṭibhyasna-paśubhyas ca prākṛto vadha ucyate ||

പരാശരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—വിഷം കഴിച്ച്, തൂങ്ങി, തീയിൽ കത്തിച്ച്, കള്ളന്മാരുടെ കൈയിൽ കൊല്ലപ്പെട്ടു, കൂടാതെ ദംഷ്ട്രയുള്ള മൃഗങ്ങളുടെ ആക്രമണത്തിൽ സംഭവിക്കുന്ന മരണം ‘പ്രാകൃത’—അഥവാ അധമ ശ്രേണിയിലെ വധം—എന്ന് പറയപ്പെടുന്നു.

विषम्poison
विषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविष
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
उद्बन्धनम्hanging (strangulation)
उद्बन्धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउद्बन्धन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दाहःburning
दाहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दस्युहस्तात्from the hand of a robber
दस्युहस्तात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदस्युहस्त
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तथाand also; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
वधःkilling; death
वधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दंष्ट्रिभ्यःfrom tusked (beasts)
दंष्ट्रिभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदंष्ट्रिन्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
पशुभ्यःfrom animals
पशुभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपशु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राकृतःbase; low; common
प्राकृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राकृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वधःkilling; death
वधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said; is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive

पराशर उवाच

पराशर (Parāśara)
दस्यु (robbers/bandits)
पशु (beasts/animals)
विष (poison)
अग्नि/दाह (fire/burning)
उद्बन्धन (noose/hanging)

Educational Q&A

The verse classifies certain modes of dying—poison, hanging, burning, being killed by robbers, or by beasts—as ‘prākṛta’ (ordinary/base), implying an ethical valuation of ends: some deaths are regarded as ignoble compared to deaths aligned with dharma and self-mastery.

Parāśara is instructing about types of death (vadhāḥ) and their moral/qualitative status, listing specific violent or self-destructive ends and labeling them as a lower category.