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Shloka 14

नारद–असित (देवल) संवादः — भूतप्रभवाप्यय, इन्द्रिय-गुण-विवेक, क्षेत्रज्ञ-तत्त्व

देवयाना हि पन्थानश्षत्वार: शाश्वता मता: । एषां ज्याय: कनीयस्त्वं फलेषूक्तं बलाबलम्‌,चारों आश्रम ही देवयाननामक चार सनातन मार्ग माने गये हैं। इनमें कौन बड़ा है कौन छोटा; अतः कौन प्रबल है, कौन दुर्बल--यह उनके फलोंको निमित्त बनाकर बताया गया है

devayānā hi panthānaś catvāraḥ śāśvatā matāḥ | eṣāṃ jyāyaḥ kanīyastvaṃ phaleṣūktaṃ balābalam ||

‘ദേവയാന’ എന്നു വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന ഈ നാലു പഥങ്ങൾ—അഥവാ നാലു ആശ്രമങ്ങൾ—ശാശ്വതമെന്നു കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു. ഇവയിൽ ഏത് ശ്രേഷ്ഠം, ഏത് കനിഷ്ഠം; ഏത് ബലവാൻ, ഏത് ദുർബലം—അത് അവ നൽകുന്ന ഫലങ്ങൾ നോക്കി അറിയാം.

देवयानाḥdivine paths (devayāna-s)
देवयानाḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवयान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
पन्थानःpaths/ways
पन्थानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपन्थान्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चत्वारःfour
चत्वारः:
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शाश्वताःeternal/perennial
शाश्वताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मताःconsidered/held to be
मताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एषाम्of these
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
ज्यायःthe greater/superior
ज्यायः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्यायस्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Nominative, Singular
कनीयस्त्वम्inferiority/being the lesser
कनीयस्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकनीयस् + त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
फलेषुin (their) results/fruits
फलेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
उक्तम्is stated/has been said
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउक्त
FormPerfective (past participle), Singular
बलाबलम्strength and weakness
बलाबलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबल + अबल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

कपिल उवाच

K
Kapila
D
devayāna
F
four paths (implicitly the four āśramas)

Educational Q&A

Kapila teaches that the relative excellence of the four devayāna paths is judged by their fruits—i.e., the ethical and spiritual results they produce—rather than by name, status, or mere external form.

In the Śānti Parva’s instructional dialogue, Kapila is explaining a framework of four perennial spiritual disciplines (understood as the four āśramas) and introducing a criterion for comparing them: their outcomes (phala), which reveal their true strength or weakness.