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Shloka 4

तुलाधार-उपदेशः

Tulādhāra’s Instruction to Jājali on Ahiṃsā and Abhaya-dāna

अपां शैत्यं रस: क्लेदो द्रवत्वं स्नेहसौम्यता । जिह्नदा विस्यन्दनं चापि भौमानां श्रपर्णं तथा,शीतलता, रस, क्लेद (गलाना या गीला करना), द्रवत्व (पिघलना), स्नेह (चिकनाहट), सौम्यभाव, जिह्ला, टपकना, ओले या बर्फके रूपमें जम जाना तथा पृथ्वीसे उत्पन्न होनेवाले चावल-दाल आदिको गला देना--ये सब जलके गुण हैं

apāṃ śaityaṃ rasaḥ kledo dravatvaṃ sneha-saumyatā | jihvadā visyandanaṃ cāpi bhaumānāṃ śrapaṇaṃ tathā ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ജലത്തിന്റെ സ്വാഭാവിക ഗുണങ്ങൾ ഇവയാണ്: ശീതളത, രസം, ക്ലേദം (നനവ്/നനയ്ക്കൽ), ദ്രവത്വം (ഉരുകി ഒഴുകുക), സ്നേഹത്വം (മൃദുചിക്നത)യും സൗമ്യതയും; വളഞ്ഞ വഴികളിലൂടെ തിരിഞ്ഞൊഴുകൽ, തുള്ളിയായി തുളുമ്പൽ, ചോർന്നൊഴുകൽ; ആലിപ്പഴമോ ഹിമമോ ആയി കട്ടപിടിക്കൽ; ഭൂമിയിൽ നിന്നുണ്ടാകുന്ന അരി-പയർ മുതലായവയെ മൃദുവാക്കി വേവിക്കൽ—ഇവയൊക്കെയാണ് ജലഗുണങ്ങൾ।

अपाम्of waters (of water)
अपाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
शैत्यंcoldness
शैत्यं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशैत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रसःtaste/essence
रसः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्लेदःmoistening/wetness
क्लेदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्लेद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्रवत्वंliquidity/fluidity
द्रवत्वं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रवत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्नेहunctuousness/oiliness
स्नेह:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्नेह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सौम्यताgentleness/soothingness
सौम्यता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसौम्यता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
जिह्वाtongue
जिह्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजिह्वा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दाहburning/heat (burning sensation)
दाह:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विस्यन्दनंoozing/dripping
विस्यन्दनं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविस्यन्दन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भौमानाम्of earthly (things)
भौमानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootभौम
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
श्रपणंcooking/boiling (softening by boiling)
श्रपणं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रपण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
W
water (āp/jala)
E
earth-born grains/pulses (rice, lentils etc.)
H
hail/ice (implied by congealing)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines water by its characteristic functions—coolness, moistening, liquidity, unctuous gentleness, dripping/oozing, and even congealing—showing that right knowledge (viveka) begins with recognizing the intrinsic properties (guṇas) of things. Such discernment supports dharmic order by aligning conduct and understanding with nature’s realities.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira in a reflective, philosophical mode. Here he is enumerating the qualities of the element water as part of a broader exposition on the constituents of the world and how their properties can be known and classified.