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Shloka 4

Adhyāya 249 — Mṛtyu-prādurbhāvaḥ (The Manifestation of Death) / Restraint of Tejas and Ordered Saṃhāra

मनसश्षेन्द्रियाणां चाप्यैकाग्र्यं परमं तप: । तज्ज्याय:ः सर्वधर्मेभ्य: स धर्म: पर उच्यते,मन और इन्द्रियोंकी एकाग्रता ही सबसे बड़ी तपस्या है। यही सब धर्मोंसे श्रेष्ठठटम परम धर्म बताया जाता है

manasaś cendriyāṇāṃ cāpy aikāgryaṃ paramaṃ tapaḥ | taj jyāyaḥ sarvadharmebhyaḥ sa dharmaḥ para ucyate ||

മനസ്സിന്റെയും ഇന്ദ്രിയങ്ങളുടെയും ഏകാഗ്രത തന്നെയാണ് പരമതപസ്. അത് സർവ്വധർമ്മങ്ങളെയും അതിക്രമിക്കുന്നതിനാൽ അതിനെ പരമധർമ്മം എന്നു പറയുന്നു.

मनसःof the mind
मनसः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
इन्द्रियाणाम्of the senses
इन्द्रियाणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
एकाग्र्यम्one-pointedness, concentration
एकाग्र्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootएकाग्र्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परमम्supreme, greatest
परमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ज्यायःsuperior, greater
ज्यायः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्यायस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वधर्मेभ्यःthan all dharmas (from all duties/virtues)
सर्वधर्मेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
सःthat/he
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, duty/virtue
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परःhighest, supreme
परः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that true tapas is inner: steady, one-pointed control of mind and senses. This inward mastery is presented as superior to external observances and therefore termed the supreme dharma.

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa is articulating a principle of ethical-spiritual life, emphasizing that the foundation of dharma is mental and sensory discipline rather than mere ritual or outward acts.