Shloka 3

इन्द्रियाणि प्रमाथीनि बुद्धया संयम्य यत्नत: । सर्वतो निष्पतिष्णूनि पिता बालानिवात्मजान्‌,जैसे पिता अपने छोटे पुत्रोंको काबूमें रखता है, उसी प्रकार मनुष्यको चाहिये कि वह सब विषयोंपर टूट पड़नेवाली अपनी प्रमथनशील इन्द्रियोंका बुद्धिके द्वारा यत्नपूर्वक संयम करके उन्हें वशमें रखे

indriyāṇi pramāthīni buddhyā saṁyamya yatnataḥ | sarvato niṣpatiṣṇūni pitā bālān ivātmajān ||

പിതാവ് തന്റെ ചെറുപുത്രന്മാരെ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ, മനുഷ്യൻ ബുദ്ധിയാൽ പരിശ്രമപൂർവം എല്ലാ ദിക്കുകളിലേക്കും വിഷയങ്ങളിലേക്കു പാഞ്ഞോടുന്ന ആ കലഹകരമായ ഇന്ദ്രിയങ്ങളെ സംയമിപ്പിക്കണം.

इन्द्रियाणिthe senses
इन्द्रियाणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
प्रमाथीनिturbulent, agitating
प्रमाथीनि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रमाथिन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
बुद्ध्याby (one's) intellect
बुद्ध्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
संयम्यhaving restrained
संयम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-यम्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
यत्नतःwith effort, carefully
यत्नतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्नतस्
सर्वतःfrom all sides, in every direction
सर्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतस्
निष्पतिष्णूनिrushing forth, darting out
निष्पतिष्णूनि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्पतिष्णु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
पिताa father
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बालान्children, youngsters
बालान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आत्मजान्one's own sons/offspring
आत्मजान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
S
senses (indriyāṇi)
I
intellect/discernment (buddhi)
F
father (pitā)
S
sons/children (ātmajāḥ/bālāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches indriya-nigraha (mastery of the senses): the senses are naturally restless and forceful, so one must deliberately restrain them through buddhi (discriminating intellect), with sustained effort, as a responsible guardian would restrain and guide children.

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa delivers instruction on inner discipline. He uses a domestic analogy—father and young sons—to make the ethical point vivid: unchecked senses run toward objects from every side, and the seeker must govern them firmly yet wisely.