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Shloka 55

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

उच्चैश्लाभ्यवदन्‌ रात्रौ नीचैस्तत्राग्निरज्वलत्‌ | पुत्रा: पितृनत्यचरन्‌ नार्यश्चात्यचरन्‌ पतीन्‌,दैत्य रातमें जोर-जोरसे हल्ला मचाते हैं और उनके यहाँ अग्निहोत्रकी आग मन्दगतिसे जलने लगी है। पुत्रोंने पिताओंपर और स्त्रियोंने पतियोंपर अत्याचार आरम्भ कर दिया है

uccaiḥ ślābhyavadan rātrau nīcais tatrāgnir ajvalat | putrāḥ pitṝn atyācaran nāryaś cātyācaran patīn |

രാത്രിയിൽ അവർ ഉച്ചത്തിൽ കൂകിയും പുകഴ്ത്തിയും കലഹമുണ്ടാക്കുന്നു; എന്നാൽ അവരുടെ വീടുകളിൽ അഗ്നിഹോത്രത്തിന്റെ പവിത്രാഗ്നി മന്ദമായി മാത്രം ജ്വലിക്കുന്നു. പുത്രന്മാർ പിതാക്കളെയും, സ്ത്രീകൾ ഭർത്താക്കളെയും പീഡിപ്പിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി.

उच्चैःloudly, on high (in a loud tone)
उच्चैः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउच्चैः
लाभ्यto be obtained / desirable to obtain (intended sense: 'seeking gain')
लाभ्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootलभ्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्/यत्), nominative singular masculine (used adverbially with वदन्)
वदन्speaking
वदन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent active participle, nominative singular masculine
रात्रौat night
रात्रौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, locative singular
नीचैःsoftly, in a low tone / slowly
नीचैः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनीचैः
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अग्निःfire
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, nominative singular
अज्वलत्burned, was burning
अज्वलत्:
TypeVerb
Rootज्वल्
FormImperfect (लङ्), parasmaipada, 3rd person singular
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, nominative plural
पितॄन्fathers
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, accusative plural
अत्यचरन्transgressed against, mistreated
अत्यचरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअति + चर्
FormImperfect (लङ्), parasmaipada, 3rd person plural
नार्यःwomen
नार्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारी
FormFeminine, nominative plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्यचरन्transgressed against, mistreated
अत्यचरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअति + चर्
FormImperfect (लङ्), parasmaipada, 3rd person plural
पतीन्husbands
पतीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, accusative plural

शक्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
A
agni (household sacred fire)
S
sons
F
fathers
W
wives
H
husbands

Educational Q&A

When inner dharma declines, it shows first in the home: sacred duties become neglected (the fire burns faintly) and relationships lose their proper ethic of respect and protection (children and spouses turn oppressive). Loud pride without discipline is presented as a symptom of moral decay.

Śakra describes a disorderly condition among people (here associated with the daityas in the given context): at night they raise loud boasts, their ritual fire is weak, and family roles invert as sons mistreat fathers and wives mistreat husbands—an image of social and religious breakdown.