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Shloka 59

ब्राह्मणस्य पूर्वतरा वृत्तिः — The Earlier Ideal Conduct of a Brahmana

River-of-Saṃsāra Metaphor

सर्वे समरमासाद्य न श्रूयन्ते पराजिता: । सर्वे सत्यव्रतपरा: सर्वे कामविहारिण:

sarve samaram āsādya na śrūyante parājitāḥ | sarve satyavrataparāḥ sarve kāmavihāriṇaḥ ||

അവർ എല്ലാവരും യുദ്ധഭൂമിയിൽ പ്രവേശിച്ച ശേഷം പരാജിതരായതായി ഒരിക്കലും കേട്ടിട്ടില്ല. എല്ലാവരും സത്യവ്രതത്തിൽ നിഷ്ഠരായിരുന്നു; എല്ലാവരും ഇഷ്ടാനുസരണം, സ്വാധീനമായി വിഹരിക്കുന്നവർ ആയിരുന്നു.

सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समरम्battle
समरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आसाद्यhaving reached/encountered
आसाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
श्रूयन्तेare heard (of)
श्रूयन्ते:
TypeVerb
Root√श्रु
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada (passive sense), Third, Plural
पराजिताःdefeated
पराजिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपराजित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सत्यव्रतपराःdevoted to vows of truth
सत्यव्रतपराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्यव्रतपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कामविहारिणःroaming as they wish / indulging at will
कामविहारिणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकामविहारिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse praises an ideal type of person: undefeated in conflict, grounded in truth (satyavrata), and capable of enjoying life without losing self-mastery—suggesting that ethical integrity and inner discipline support strength and success.

Bhishma is describing a group (implied from the surrounding discourse) whose reputation is exemplary: tradition does not record them as ever being defeated in battle, and their character is marked by truthfulness and a free, confident mode of living.