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Shloka 13

Jñāna-yoga and Karma-phala: Manu–Bṛhaspati on Akṣara and the Limits of Mantra

लोष्टमर्दा तृणच्छेदी नखखादी तु यो नरः । नित्योच्छिष्ट: शंकुशुको नेहायुर्विन्दते महत्‌

loṣṭamardā tṛṇacchedī nakhakhādī tu yo naraḥ | nityocchiṣṭaḥ śaṅkuśuko nehāyur vindate mahat ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—വൃഥാ മണ്ണുകട്ടകൾ ചതയ്ക്കുകയും പുല്ലിൻ തണ്ടുകൾ പൊട്ടിക്കുകയും നഖം കടിക്കയും ചെയ്യുന്ന മനുഷ്യൻ; നിത്യവും അശുചിയായി—കൈയും വായും മലിനമായി വെച്ച്—കുറ്റിയിൽ കെട്ടിയ തത്തപോലെ പരാധീനജീവിതം നയിക്കുന്നവൻ, ഈ ലോകത്തിൽ ദീർഘായുസ്സ് നേടുകയില്ല।

लोष्ट-मर्दःone who crushes clods (of earth)
लोष्ट-मर्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोष्ट + मर्द (मृद्/मर्द्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तृण-च्छेदीone who cuts grass/straw
तृण-च्छेदी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतृण + छेदिन् (छिद्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नख-खादीnail-biter
नख-खादी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनख + खादिन् (खाद्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/and (emphatic)
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरःman/person
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्य-उच्छिष्टःalways unclean/with leftover impurity
नित्य-उच्छिष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य + उच्छिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शंकु-शुकःa parrot tied to a peg (metaphorically dependent)
शंकु-शुकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशंकु + शुक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इहhere/in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
आयुःlifespan
आयुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विन्दतेobtains/finds
विन्दते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विन्द्) / विन्द्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महत्great/long (as in long life)
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
C
clod of earth (loṣṭa)
G
grass/straw (tṛṇa)
N
nails (nakha)
P
peg/stake (śaṅku)
P
parrot (śuka)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma warns that habitual restlessness (idle destructive fidgeting), lack of cleanliness (being constantly ucchiṣṭa/impure), and a dependent, unfree mode of life (like a tethered parrot) undermine one’s vitality and do not lead to long life. The verse promotes śauca (purity), self-control, and dignified independence as supports of well-being.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira by listing behaviors and dispositions that are considered inauspicious for longevity. This verse presents a compact behavioral portrait—fidgeting, nail-biting, habitual impurity, and servile dependence—and states its consequence: diminished lifespan.