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Shloka 16

असंतोषादिदोष-निरूपणम्

On the Faults of Discontent and the Discipline of Detachment

देवयान और पितृयान--ये दो परलोकके प्रसिद्ध मार्ग हैं। जो सकाम यज्ञोंका अनुष्ठान करनेवाले हैं वे पितृयानसे जाते हैं और मोक्षके अधिकारी देवयानमार्गसे ।। तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण स्वाध्यायेन महर्षय: । विमुच्य देहांस्ते यान्ति मृत्योरविषयं गता:,महर्षिगण तपस्या, ब्रह्मचर्य तथा स्वाध्यायके बलसे देहत्यागके पश्चात्‌ ऐसे लोकमें पहुँच जाते हैं जहाँ मृत्युका प्रवेश नहीं है

tapasā brahmacaryeṇa svādhyāyena maharṣayaḥ | vimucya dehāṃs te yānti mṛtyor aviṣayaṃ gatāḥ || devayānaḥ pitṛyānaś ca—ete dvau paralokasya prasiddhau mārgau | ye sakāma-yajñān anuṣṭhātāraḥ te pitṛyānena yānti, mokṣādhikāriṇaḥ devayāna-mārgeṇa ||

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ദേവയാനം, പിതൃയാനം—പരലോകത്തിലേക്കുള്ള രണ്ട് പ്രസിദ്ധ മാർഗങ്ങൾ. ഫലകാമനയോടെ യജ്ഞകർമ്മം ചെയ്യുന്നവർ പിതൃയാനത്തിലൂടെ പോകുന്നു; മോക്ഷത്തിന് അർഹർ ദേവയാനമാർഗത്തിലൂടെ. മഹർഷികൾ തപസ്, ബ്രഹ്മചര്യം, സ്വാധ്യായം എന്നിവയുടെ ബലത്തിൽ ദേഹം ഉപേക്ഷിച്ച്, മരണത്തിന് പ്രവേശമില്ലാത്ത ലോകത്തെത്തുന്നു.

तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
ब्रह्मचर्येणby celibacy / continence
ब्रह्मचर्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचर्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
स्वाध्यायेनby self-study (Vedic recitation/study)
स्वाध्यायेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
महर्षयःthe great sages
महर्षयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विमुच्यhaving released / having cast off
विमुच्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि+मुच्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada-neutral (gerund)
देहान्bodies
देहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यान्तिgo / proceed
यान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
मृत्योःof death
मृत्योः:
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अविषयम्a domain not accessible (to death)
अविषयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअविषय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गताःhaving gone / gone (arrived)
गताः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Devayāna
P
Pitṛyāna
M
Maharṣis (great seers)
M
Mṛtyu (Death, as a principle)

Educational Q&A

The passage distinguishes two post-mortem trajectories: ritual action pursued for desired results leads along the Pitṛyāna (a merit-based path), while those oriented to liberation—grounded in austerity, disciplined celibacy, and sacred study—attain the Devayāna and reach a state beyond the reach of death.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and ultimate good, Yudhiṣṭhira articulates a doctrinal contrast between result-seeking sacrificial practice and the liberative discipline of sages, describing how the latter, after leaving the body, attain a deathless realm.