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Shloka 9

बक-गौतमाख्यानम् / The Baka–Gautama Account

On Gratitude and Friendship Ethics

उवाच स तु धर्मज्ञो धरनुर्वेदस्य पारग: । शरतल्पगतो भीष्मो नकुलाय महात्मने,वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--भरतनन्दन! जनमेजय! बुद्धिमान्‌ माद्रीपुत्र नकुलकी वह बात कौशलयुक्त तो थी ही, सूक्ष्म तथा विचित्र अर्थसे भी सम्पन्न थी। उसे सुनकर बाणशय्यापर सोये हुए धनुर्वेदके पारड्गत विद्वान्‌ धर्मज्ञ भीष्मने शिक्षाप्राप्त महामनस्वी द्रोणशिष्य नकुलको सुन्दर स्वर एवं वर्णोंसे युक्त वाणीमें इस प्रकार उत्तर देना आरम्भ किया

vaiśampāyana uvāca | uvāca sa tu dharmajño dhanuḥvedasya pāragāḥ | śaratālpagato bhīṣmo nakulāya mahātmane ||

വൈശമ്പായനൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ധർമ്മജ്ഞനും ധനുർവേദപാരംഗതനും ആയ, ശരശയ്യയിൽ കിടന്നിരുന്ന ഭീഷ്മൻ മഹാത്മാവായ നകുലനോട് മറുപടി പറയാൻ തുടങ്ങി.

उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formलिट् (परोक्शभूत/परफेक्ट), 3, singular, परस्मैपदम्
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
धर्मज्ञःknower of dharma
धर्मज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मज्ञ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
धनुर्वेदस्यof the science of archery
धनुर्वेदस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधनुर्वेद
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
पारगःone who has mastered/has gone to the far shore (expert)
पारगः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपारग
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
शरतल्पगतःlying on the bed of arrows
शरतल्पगतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशरतल्पगत
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
नकुलायto Nakula
नकुलाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootनकुल
Formmasculine, dative, singular
महात्मनेto the great-souled one
महात्मने:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
Formmasculine, dative, singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Bhīṣma
N
Nakula
Ś
śara-tālpa (bed of arrows)
D
dhanuḥ-veda (science of archery)

Educational Q&A

The verse sets the ethical frame for instruction: true mastery (of dharma and martial science) expresses itself as disciplined, respectful teaching, even in suffering. Bhīṣma’s authority rests not only on skill in archery but on moral discernment, making his reply a model of responsible guidance.

Vaiśampāyana narrates that Bhīṣma, lying on the arrow-bed, begins answering Nakula. It introduces Bhīṣma’s forthcoming response and highlights his qualifications—dharma-knowledge and complete command of dhanuḥ-veda—while positioning Nakula as a worthy recipient.