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Shloka 3

Adhyāya 164: Gautama as Guest; Kaśyapa’s Satkāra and the Fourfold Arthagati; Journey to Virūpākṣa

भीष्म उवाच त्रयोदशैते5तिबला: शत्रव: प्राणिनां स्मृता: । उपासन्ते महाराज समन्तात्‌ पुरुषानिह,भीष्मजीने कहा--महाराज युधिष्िर! तुम्हारे कहे हुए ये तेरह दोष प्राणियोंके अत्यन्त प्रबल शत्रु माने गये हैं, जो यहाँ मनुष्योंकोी सब ओरसे घेरे रहते हैं

bhīṣma uvāca trayodaśaite 'tibalāḥ śatravaḥ prāṇināṃ smṛtāḥ | upāsante mahārāja samantāt puruṣān iha ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—മഹാരാജാ! ഈ പതിമൂന്ന് ദോഷങ്ങൾ ജീവികളുടെ അത്യന്തം ശക്തിയുള്ള ശത്രുക്കളായി സ്മരിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഈ ലോകത്തിൽ അവ മനുഷ്യരെ എല്ലാദിക്കിലും ചുറ്റി കാത്തുനിൽക്കുന്നു—എപ്പോഴും അവരെ കീഴടക്കി നന്മയിൽ നിന്ന് തിരിക്കുവാൻ സന്നദ്ധമായി.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्रयोदशthirteen
त्रयोदश:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रयोदश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एतेthese
एते:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अतिबलाःvery strong
अतिबलाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिबल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शत्रवःenemies
शत्रवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राणिनाम्of living beings
प्राणिनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
स्मृताःare considered/are remembered as
स्मृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive (past participle)
उपासन्तेattend on / hover around
उपासन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आस्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
समन्तात्on all sides / from every direction
समन्तात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्तात्
पुरुषान्men / persons
पुरुषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इहhere (in this world/context)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira

Educational Q&A

That a person’s greatest threats are not external foes but powerful inner and behavioral दोष (faults) that besiege one from all sides; recognizing them as ‘enemies’ is the first step toward self-restraint and dharmic living.

In the Shanti Parva instruction, Bhishma addresses King Yudhishthira and affirms that the ‘thirteen’ faults previously mentioned are traditionally regarded as formidable enemies that constantly surround human beings in worldly life.