Shloka 4

एते प्रमत्तं पुरुषमप्रमत्तास्तुदन्ति च । वृका इव विलुम्पन्ति दृष्टवैव पुरुषं बलात्‌,ये सदा सावधान रहकर प्रमादमें पड़े हुए पुरुषको अत्यन्त पीड़ा देते हैं। मनुष्यको देखते ही भेड़ियोंकी तरह बलपूर्वक उसपर टूट पड़ते हैं

ete pramattaṃ puruṣam apramattās tudanti ca | vṛkā iva vilumpanti dṛṣṭvaiva puruṣaṃ balāt |

ഈ ദോഷങ്ങൾ സ്വയം സദാ ജാഗ്രതയോടെ നിന്നുകൊണ്ട്, അശ്രദ്ധയിൽ വീണ മനുഷ്യനെ പീഡിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. മനുഷ്യനെ കണ്ടയുടൻ തന്നെ ചെന്നായകളെപ്പോലെ ബലമായി ചാടിവീണ് അവനെ കൊള്ളയടിക്കുന്നു.

एतेthese (people)
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रमत्तम्heedless, negligent
प्रमत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रमत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरुषम्man, person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अप्रमत्ताःvigilant, not negligent
अप्रमत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रमत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुदन्तिthey strike, torment
तुदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootतुद्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वृकाःwolves
वृकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
विलुम्पन्तिthey plunder, tear apart
विलुम्पन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-लुप्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पुरुषम्a man, the person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बलात्by force, forcibly
बलात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
W
wolves (vṛkāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Heedlessness (pramāda) makes a person an easy target for harm and exploitation; therefore one should cultivate constant vigilance and self-restraint (apramāda) as a practical foundation of dharma.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction in the Śānti Parva, he uses a vivid simile: watchful people (or forces) attack the negligent person the way wolves pounce on prey, emphasizing the real-world consequences of carelessness.