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Shloka 25

Kośa, Bala, and Maryādā: Treasury, Capacity, and Enforceable Limits (कोश-बल-मर्यादा)

आपदगतेन धर्माणामन्यायेनोपजीवनम्‌ । अपि होतद्‌ ब्राह्माणेषु दृष्ट॑ वृत्तिपरिक्षये

āpadgatena dharmāṇām anyāyenopajīvanam | api hotad brāhmaṇeṣu dṛṣṭaṁ vṛttiparikṣaye ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ആപത്തിൽ അകപ്പെട്ടവൻ സാധാരണ ധർമ്മമാനദണ്ഡങ്ങൾക്ക് വിരുദ്ധമായ മാർഗങ്ങളിലൂടെയും ജീവിക്കാം. ഉപജീവനം ക്ഷയിച്ചപ്പോൾ ബ്രാഹ്മണന്മാരിലും ഇത്തരത്തിലുള്ള ആപദ്ധർമ്മാചരണം കണ്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്।

आपद्गतेनby/with one who has fallen into calamity (i.e., in distress)
आपद्गतेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootआपद्गत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
धर्माणाम्of duties/laws (dharmas)
धर्माणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अन्यायेनby injustice / by improper means
अन्यायेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्याय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उपजीवनम्livelihood; subsistence
उपजीवनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपजीवन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अपिeven; also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
होतत्is/occurs (intended: bhavati)
होतत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Indicative
ब्राह्मणेषुamong Brahmins
ब्राह्मणेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
दृष्टम्seen; observed
दृष्टम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
वृत्तिपरिक्षयेwhen livelihood is exhausted/declines
वृत्तिपरिक्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्तिपरिक्षय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
brāhmaṇas

Educational Q&A

In extreme distress (āpaddharma), preserving life can justify actions that would normally be considered contrary to dharma; ethical rules are applied with context, and emergency exceptions are acknowledged even for those held to high standards such as brāhmaṇas.

Bhīṣma, instructing on dharma in the Śānti Parva, explains to the listener that during times of calamity the strict norms of conduct may be relaxed, citing observed precedent among brāhmaṇas when their usual means of livelihood are exhausted.