Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 40

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

एवंप्रयोजनश्वैव दण्ड: क्षत्रियतां गत: । रक्षन्‌ प्रजा: स जागर्ति नित्यं स्ववहितो$क्षर:,इस प्रकार रक्षारूपी प्रयोजन सिद्ध करनेवाला दण्ड क्षत्रियभावको प्राप्त हुआ है। वह अविनाशी होनेके कारण सदा सावधान होकर प्रजाकी रक्षाके लिये जागता रहता है

evaṁprayojanaś caiva daṇḍaḥ kṣatriyatāṁ gataḥ | rakṣan prajāḥ sa jāgarti nityaṁ svavahito'kṣaraḥ ||

ഇങ്ങനെ സംരക്ഷണമെന്ന ലക്ഷ്യം തന്നെ ഉള്ള ദണ്ഡം ക്ഷത്രിയഭാവവും ക്ഷത്രിയപദവും കൈവരിച്ചു. പ്രജയെ കാക്കുമ്പോൾ അത് നിത്യവും ജാഗരൂകനായി നിലകൊള്ളുന്നു; അക്ഷയമായതിനാൽ തന്റെ നിയതകർമ്മത്തിൽ അചഞ്ചലവും നിരന്തരം സൂക്ഷ്മവുമാണ്.

एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
प्रयोजनशःaccording to purpose/need
प्रयोजनशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रयोजन
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
दण्डःthe rod/punishment; royal authority
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियताम्the state/nature of a kshatriya
क्षत्रियताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रियता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतःgone; having attained
गतः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
रक्षन्protecting
रक्षन्:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जागर्तिkeeps awake, is vigilant
जागर्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजागृ
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
नित्यम्always, constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
स्ववहितःself-restrained; self-controlled/attentive
स्ववहितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्ववहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अक्षरःimperishable, undecaying
अक्षरः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्षर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
daṇḍa
K
kṣatriya
P
prajāḥ

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that daṇḍa (lawful punishment/royal authority) is fundamentally for protection, not cruelty. When properly established, it embodies the Kṣatriya’s role: constant vigilance to safeguard the people and uphold order as an enduring principle of governance.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma explains to Yudhiṣṭhira the nature of kingship and statecraft. Here he personifies daṇḍa as an ever-watchful guardian that takes on the Kṣatriya-function—protecting the subjects through vigilant enforcement of dharma.