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Shloka 17

शकुनि (हिरण्मय-पक्षी) उपदेशः — Vighasāśin and the Difficulty of Gārhasthya

देववंशान्‌ पितृवंशान्‌ ब्रह्मवंशांश्व शाश्वतान्‌ | संत्यज्य मूढा वर्तन्ते ततो यान्त्यश्रुतीपथम्‌,देवसमूह और पितृसमूहोंका यजन तथा ब्रह्मवंश (वेद-शास्त्र आदिके स्वाध्यायद्वारा ऋषि-मुनियों)-की तृप्ति--ये तीन ही सनातन मार्ग हैं। जो मूर्ख इनका परित्याग करके और किसी मार्गसे चलते हैं, वे वेदविरुद्ध पथका आश्रय लेते हैं

devavaṁśān pitṛvaṁśān brahmavaṁśāṁś ca śāśvatān | saṁtyajya mūḍhā vartante tato yānty aśrutīpatham ||

ദേവവംശങ്ങളെ യജിച്ച് ആദരിക്കൽ, പിതൃവംശങ്ങളെ തർപ്പണം ചെയ്ത് തൃപ്തിപ്പെടുത്തൽ, വേദസ്വാധ്യായം വഴി ഋഷി-ബ്രഹ്മവംശത്തെ പോഷിക്കൽ—ഇവയാണ് സനാതനമായ മൂന്നു മാർഗങ്ങൾ. ഇവ ഉപേക്ഷിച്ച് മറ്റൊരു വഴിയിൽ മോഹത്തോടെ നടക്കുന്നവർ ശ്രുതി(വേദ)വിരുദ്ധ പഥത്തിലേക്ക് വീഴുന്നു।

देववंशान्the lineages/rites of the gods
देववंशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेववंश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पितृवंशान्the lineages/rites of the Pitṛs (ancestors)
पितृवंशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृवंश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
ब्रह्मवंशान्the Brahmanical/Vedic lineages (Vedic tradition)
ब्रह्मवंशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मवंश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शाश्वतान्eternal, perennial
शाश्वतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
संत्यज्यhaving abandoned
संत्यज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + त्यज्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
मूढाःthe deluded/fools
मूढाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्तन्तेthey proceed/behave
वर्तन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormLat, Present, Atmanepada, Third, Plural
ततःtherefore/from that
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
यान्तिthey go
यान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormLat, Present, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
अश्रुति-पथम्a path not sanctioned by Śruti (Veda)
अश्रुति-पथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्रुति-पथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
D
Devas (gods)
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
B
Brahma-vaṁśa (Vedic/ṛṣi tradition)
Ś
Śruti (Veda)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is upheld by sustaining three perennial obligations: reverence to the gods (deva-yajña), reverence to the ancestors (pitṛ-yajña), and preservation of the Vedic-ṛṣi tradition through study and transmission (brahma-yajña). Abandoning these leads to conduct that is outside Śruti, i.e., lacking Vedic sanction.

Arjuna articulates a normative standard of right conduct: he identifies the traditional triad of duties that maintain cosmic, familial, and intellectual-spiritual continuity, and warns that rejecting them results in a non-Śruti (non-Vedic) path.