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Shloka 47

उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः

Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment

संहतान्‌ योधयेदल्पान्‌ काम॑ विस्तारयेद्‌ बहुन्‌ । सूचीमुखमनीकं स्यादल्पानां बहुभि: सह,यदि अपने पास थोड़े-से सैनिक हों तो उन्हें एक साथ संघबद्ध रखकर युद्ध करनेका आदेश देना चाहिये और यदि बहुत-से योद्धा हों तो उन्हें बहुत दूरतक इच्छानुसार फैलाकर रखना चाहिये। थोड़े-से सैनिकोंको बहुतोंके साथ युद्ध करना हो तो उनके लिये सूचीमुख नामक व्यूह उपयोगी होता है

saṁhatān yodhayed alpān kāmaṁ vistārayed bahūn | sūcīmukham anīkaṁ syād alpānāṁ bahubhiḥ saha ||

സൈന്യം കുറവായാൽ അവരെ ഒന്നിച്ചു കെട്ടിപ്പിണക്കി യുദ്ധത്തിന് നിയോഗിക്കണം; യോദ്ധാക്കൾ കൂടുതലായാൽ ഇഷ്ടാനുസരണം വിശാലമായി പടർത്താം. കൂടാതെ കുറച്ച് സൈന്യം പലരോടു പോരാടേണ്ടിവന്നാൽ ‘സൂചീമുഖ’ എന്ന വ്യൂഹം യോജിച്ചതായി കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.

संहतान्collected, kept together
संहतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसंहत (सम्+√हन्/√हृ?; here adjectival participle meaning 'collected/compacted')
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
योधयेत्should cause to fight / should deploy for battle
योधयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√युध् (causative: योधयति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अल्पान्few (soldiers)
अल्पान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्प
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कामम्as desired, at will
कामम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकाम
विस्तारयेत्should spread out / extend
विस्तारयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√स्तॄ (causative: विस्तारयति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
बहून्many (warriors)
बहून्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सूचीमुखम्the 'needle-point' (formation)
सूचीमुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूचीमुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अनीकम्army, troop-formation
अनीकम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√अस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अल्पानाम्of the few
अल्पानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्प
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
बहुभिःby/with many
बहुभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
S
Sūcīmukha-vyūha (Needle-point formation)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches adaptive leadership in warfare: concentrate a small force into a cohesive, disciplined mass, but deploy a large force with breadth and flexibility. When outnumbered, use a formation like Sūcīmukha that focuses power into a penetrating point, minimizing the disadvantages of being few.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma advises the king on practical conduct of war and army deployment. Here he gives a rule-of-thumb for arranging troops based on relative numbers and recommends the Sūcīmukha formation when a smaller contingent must face a larger one.