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Shloka 4

Indratīrtha–Ādityatīrtha: Balarāma’s Ritual Bathing, Dāna, and Sacred-Historical Recollections

समास्तस्या व्यतिक्रान्ता बह्दयः कुरुकुलोद्वह । चरन्त्या नियमांस्तांस्तान्‌ स्त्रीभिस्तीव्रान्‌ सुदुश्षरान्‌

samāstāsyā vyatikrāntā bahudayaḥ kurukulodvaha | carantyā niyamāṁs tāṁs tān strībhiḥ tīvrān suduṣṣarān ||

ഹേ കുരുകുലോദ്വഹ! മറ്റു സ്ത്രീകളോടൊപ്പം അവൾ ആ തീവ്രവും അത്യന്തം സഹിക്കാനാകാത്തതുമായ നിയമങ്ങൾ അനുഷ്ഠിച്ചുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കെ അനേകം ദിവസങ്ങൾ കടന്നുപോയി।

समाःyears
समाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तस्याःof her
तस्याः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
व्यतिक्रान्ताःpassed (by), elapsed
व्यतिक्रान्ताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि + अति + क्रम् (धातु) → व्यतिक्रान्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
बह्व्यःmany
बह्व्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
कुरुकुलोद्वहO bearer of the Kuru lineage
कुरुकुलोद्वह:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु-कुल-उद्वह (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
चरन्त्याःof (her) practicing/observing
चरन्त्याः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु) → चरन्ती (शतृ-प्रत्यय)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
नियमान्vows, restraints, observances
नियमान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनियम (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तान्those (various)
तान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
स्त्रीभिःby women
स्त्रीभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
तीव्रान्severe, intense
तीव्रान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतीव्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सुदुष्करान्very difficult (to perform)
सुदुष्करान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-दुष्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
K
Kuru lineage (Kurukula)
W
women (striyaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharmic endurance: true restraint (niyama) is not momentary but sustained over time, and its ethical force lies in persevering through hardship—especially in periods of sorrow and social disruption.

The narrator notes that many days have elapsed while a particular woman (contextually, a principal queen/royal lady) continues to practice severe vows along with other women, emphasizing the prolonged, difficult observances being undertaken.