Shloka 18

भीमसेनस्य कौरवसुतवधः तथा श्रुतर्वावधः

Slaying of Kaurava princes and the fall of Śrutarvā

Devanagari script

ततस्त्वापततस्तस्य तव पुत्रो जनाधिप

Transliteration

tatastvāpatatastasya tava putro janādhipa

Translation

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—അപ്പോൾ, ഹേ ജനാധിപാ! അവൻ അവന്റെ മേൽ പാഞ്ഞുചെന്ന് ആക്രമിക്കുമ്പോൾ, നിങ്ങളുടെ പുത്രൻ…

Word by Word

• ततः: then; thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from there/then')

• त्वा: you (object)
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: 2nd person pronoun, accusative, singular

• आपततः: of (him) attacking / rushing upon
• आपततः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + पत्
• Form: present active participle (शतृ), masculine/neuter genitive singular (agreeing with तस्य): 'of (him) who is rushing/attacking'

• तस्य: of him / his
• तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: demonstrative pronoun, genitive, singular (masculine/neuter)

• तव: your
• तव: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: 2nd person pronoun, genitive, singular

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• जनाधिप: O lord of men (king)
• जनाधिप: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनाधिप
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address janādhipa and 'your son')
• tava putraḥ (your son; the Kaurava prince, contextually Duryodhana)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse foregrounds how a ruler’s lineage and choices are inseparable from the ethical weight of war: a prince’s aggressive advance is not merely tactical but part of a chain of consequences borne by the king and the realm.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues his report to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, describing a moment when Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son charges at an opponent; the sentence is mid-flow, introducing the action that follows in the next lines.