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Shloka 33

Śālva’s Elephant Assault and the Counterstroke (शाल्वस्य नागारूढाभ्यवहारः)

मामतिक्रमते पार्थो धनुष्पाणिमवस्थितम्‌ । जघने सर्वसैन्यानां ममाश्चान्‌ प्रतिपादय,'सूत! मैं यहाँ हाथमें धनुष लिये खड़ा हूँ और अर्जुन मुझे लाँध जानेकी चेष्टा कर रहे हैं। अतः तुम मेरे घोड़ोंको सारी सेनाके पिछले भागमें पहुँचा दो

sañjaya uvāca |

mām atikramate pārtho dhanuṣpāṇim avasthitam |

jaghane sarvasainyānāṁ mamāśvān pratipādaya |

‘സൂതാ! ഞാൻ ഇവിടെ ധനുസ്സു കൈയിൽ പിടിച്ച് നില്ക്കുന്നു; അർജുനൻ എന്നെ മറികടക്കാൻ ശ്രമിക്കുന്നു. അതിനാൽ എന്റെ അശ്വങ്ങളെ സമസ്ത സൈന്യത്തിന്റെ പിന്‍ഭാഗത്തേക്ക് നയിക്ക.’

माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
अतिक्रमतेcrosses/oversteps
अतिक्रमते:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
पार्थःPartha (Arjuna)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धनुः-पाणिम्one having a bow in hand (bow-armed)
धनुः-पाणिम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधनुस् + पाणि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अवस्थितम्standing/posted
अवस्थितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअव-स्था (अवस्थित)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जघनेin the rear
जघने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजघन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सर्व-सैन्यानाम्of all the armies
सर्व-सैन्यानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व + सैन्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
ममof me / my
मम:
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
अश्वान्horses
अश्वान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रतिपादयcause to go/bring/drive (place)
प्रतिपादय:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-√पद् (प्रति-पा-दयति)
FormImperative (Lot), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सूतO charioteer
सूत:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसूत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
A
Arjuna (Pārtha)
B
bow (dhanuḥ)
H
horses (aśvāḥ)
C
charioteer (sūta)

Educational Q&A

Even in a dharmic framework of warfare, courage alone is insufficient; discernment and timely tactical movement are necessary to prevent greater harm. The verse highlights practical leadership—recognizing a threat (being outflanked) and issuing a clear command to preserve order in battle.

Sanjaya reports a battlefield moment where Arjuna attempts to pass beyond the speaker’s position while the speaker stands ready with a bow. To counter this, the speaker orders the charioteer to take the chariot’s horses to the rear of the army, indicating a repositioning to avoid being bypassed.