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Shloka 12

Śālva’s Elephant Assault and the Counterstroke (शाल्वस्य नागारूढाभ्यवहारः)

तान्‌ प्रभग्नान्‌ द्रुतान्‌ दृष्टवा हतोत्साहान्‌ पराजितान्‌ | अभ्यवर्तन्त पज्चाला: पाण्डवाश्ष जयैषिण:,उन्हें हतोत्साह, पराजित एवं हताश होकर भागते देख विजयकी अभिलाषा रखनेवाले पांचाल और पाण्डव उनका पीछा करने लगे

tān prabhagnān drutān dṛṣṭvā hatotsāhān parājitān | abhyavartanta pañcālāḥ pāṇḍavāś ca jayaiṣiṇaḥ ||

അവർ തകർന്നും ഉത്സാഹം നഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടും പരാജിതരായി ഓടിപ്പോകുന്നതു കണ്ടപ്പോൾ, ജയലാലസയുള്ള പാഞ്ചാലരും പാണ്ഡവരും അവരുടെ നേരെ തിരിഞ്ഞ് പിന്തുടരാൻ തുടങ്ങി।

तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रभग्नान्broken, routed
प्रभग्नान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभग्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
द्रुतान्running, fleeing swiftly
द्रुतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
हतोत्साहान्whose spirit is crushed, dispirited
हतोत्साहान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहत-उत्साह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पराजितान्defeated
पराजितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपराजित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अभ्यवर्तन्तthey pursued / they followed up
अभ्यवर्तन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-वृत्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
पाञ्चालाःthe Panchalas
पाञ्चालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पाण्डवाःthe Pandavas
पाण्डवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जयैषिणःdesiring victory
जयैषिणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजय-एषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Pañcālas
P
Pāṇḍavas

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a practical battlefield truth tied to kṣatriya-dharma: when an army loses resolve and breaks formation, defeat accelerates. Ethical reflection lies in how inner strength (utsāha) sustains duty, while collapse of morale leads to rout and vulnerability.

Sañjaya reports that the opposing troops have been routed and are fleeing. Observing this, the Pañcālas and the Pāṇḍavas—eager to secure victory—advance and pursue the retreating forces.