Shloka 80
Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)
Devanagari script
तत् परे नान्वबुध्यन्त सैन्येन रजसा वृते
Transliteration
tat pare nānvabudhyanta sainyena rajasā vṛte
Translation
സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—എന്നാൽ മറുവശത്തുള്ളവർ അവിടെ എന്തു സംഭവിച്ചതെന്ന് വ്യക്തമായി ഗ്രഹിച്ചില്ല; കാരണം സൈന്യം പൊടിമേഘത്തിൽ പൊതിഞ്ഞിരുന്നു।
Word by Word
तत्that (event/thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परेthe others (opponents/others)
परे:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अन्वबुध्यन्तunderstood/perceived (followingly)
अन्वबुध्यन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + बुध्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
सैन्येनby/with the army
सैन्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
रजसाby/with dust
रजसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृतेwhen covered/enveloped
वृते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) → वृत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
स
संजय (Sañjaya)स
सैन्य (the army/host)र
रजस् (dust)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how, in war, perception and understanding are easily obstructed—here literally by dust—suggesting that clarity of judgment is fragile amid violence and turmoil.
Sañjaya reports that the opposing side could not make out the situation because the movement of the troops raised dust that covered the battlefield, preventing clear recognition of events.