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Shloka 18

पाण्डवानां वनप्रस्थानवर्णनम् / The Pāṇḍavas’ Departure for the Forest

Vidura’s Report and Portents

इमं धर्म कुरवो जानताशु ध्वस्ते धर्मे परिषत्‌ सम्प्रदुष्येत्‌ । इमां चेत्‌ पूर्व कितवोडग्लहिष्य- दीशो5भविष्यदपराजितात्मा,कौरवो! तुम धर्मकी इस महत्ताको शीघ्र ही समझ लो; क्योंकि धर्मका नाश होनेपर सारी सभाको दोष लगता है। यदि जूआ खेलनेवाले राजा युधिष्ठिर अपने शरीरको हारे बिना पहले ही इस द्रौपदीको दाँवपर लगाते तो वे ऐसा करनेके अधिकारी हो सकते थे

imaṃ dharmaṃ kuravo jānata āśu dhvaste dharme pariṣat sampraduṣyet | imāṃ cet pūrvaṃ kitavo ’glahiṣyad īśo ’bhaviṣyad aparājitātmā kaurava ||

വിദുരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ കുരുക്കളേ, ഈ ധർമ്മതത്ത്വം ഉടൻ ഗ്രഹിക്കുവിൻ; ധർമ്മം നശിച്ചാൽ മുഴുവൻ രാജസഭയും ദോഷത്താൽ മലിനമാകും. കൂടാതെ ചൂതാടുന്ന രാജാവ് യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ തന്റെ ശരീരം തന്നെ തോറ്റുമുമ്പ് ഈ സ്ത്രീയെ പണമായി വെച്ചിരുന്നെങ്കിൽ, ഹേ കൗരവ, അവൻ ആത്മസ്വാമി—അപരാജിതാത്മാവ്—ആയിരിക്കുകയും ആ പ്രവൃത്തിയിൽ അധികാരം അവനുണ്ടാകുകയും ചെയ്‌തേനേ.

इमम्this
इमम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुरवःO Kurus
कुरवः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Plural
जानतknow, understand
जानत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormImperative, 2, Plural, Parasmaipada
आशुquickly
आशु:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआशु
ध्वस्तेwhen destroyed
ध्वस्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootध्वस्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
धर्मेin dharma; when dharma is (so)
धर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
परिषत्the assembly
परिषत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरिषद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सम्प्रदुष्येत्would become tainted/corrupted
सम्प्रदुष्येत्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+प्र+दुष्
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
इमाम्this (woman)
इमाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
चेत्if
चेत्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
पूर्वम्before, earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
कितवःthe gambler
कितवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकितव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्लहिष्यत्would have staked/placed (as a wager)
अग्लहिष्यत्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormConditional, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
ईशःmaster, entitled person
ईशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootईश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभविष्यत्would have been
अभविष्यत्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormConditional, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
अपराजितात्माone whose self is not defeated (i.e., not having lost himself)
अपराजितात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपराजित-आत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कौरवःO Kaurava
कौरवः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
Kurus (Kauravas)
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Draupadī
R
royal assembly (pariṣad/sabhā)
D
dharma

Educational Q&A

Vidura teaches that the legitimacy of a royal court depends on protecting dharma; when dharma is violated, the entire assembly shares the stain. He also argues that a person who has lost himself (through being staked and lost) loses moral and legal authority to stake others.

In the Kuru court after the dice game, Vidura rebukes the proceedings: he warns the Kurus that the sabhā becomes culpable if it permits adharma. He points to the impropriety of Yudhiṣṭhira’s staking of Draupadī after having already lost his own person, questioning the validity of that wager.