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Shloka 5

सभा-पर्व, अध्याय 56: विदुरस्य द्यूत-निन्दा

Vidura’s Censure of Dicing and Warning to the Kurus

दुर्योधन उवाच अयमुत्सहते राजज्छियमाहर्तुमक्षवित्‌ । द्यूतेन पाण्डुपुत्रेभ्यस्तदनुज्ञातुमहसि,दुर्योधन बोला--राजन्‌! ये मामाजी पासे फेंकनेकी कलामें निपुण हैं। ये द्यूतके द्वारा पाण्डवोंसे उनकी सम्पत्ति ले लेनेका उत्साह रखते हैं। उसके लिये इन्हें आज्ञा दीजिये

duryodhana uvāca: ayam utsahate rājan śriyam āhartum akṣavit | dyūtena pāṇḍuputrebhyas tad anu jñātum arhasi ||

ദുര്യോധനൻ പറഞ്ഞു—രാജാവേ! ഈ മനുഷ്യൻ പാശം എറിയുന്നതിൽ നിപുണൻ; ദ്യൂതത്തിലൂടെ പാണ്ഡുപുത്രരുടെ ശ്രീസമ്പത്ത് കവർന്നെടുക്കാൻ ഉത്സുകനാണ്. അതിനാൽ അവനു അനുമതി നൽകേണ്ടതാണ്.

दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अयम्this (man)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उत्सहतेis eager/ventures
उत्सहते:
TypeVerb
Rootउत्सह्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्रियम्fortune/wealth
श्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आहर्तुम्to bring/obtain
आहर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-हृ
FormTumun (infinitive)
अक्षवित्a skilled dice-player
अक्षवित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षवित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्यूतेनby gambling/with dice-play
द्यूतेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
पाण्डुपुत्रेभ्यःfrom the sons of Pandu (the Pandavas)
पाण्डुपुत्रेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डुपुत्र
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
तत्that (proposal/act)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुज्ञातुम्to permit/authorize
अनुज्ञातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-ज्ञा
FormTumun (infinitive)
अर्हसिyou should/are fit to
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
P
Pāṇḍuputras (Pāṇḍavas)
D
Dice (akṣa)
G
Gambling (dyūta)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how unethical intent can be framed as a mere ‘proposal’ needing royal approval: greed and manipulation seek legitimacy through authority. It warns that a ruler’s consent can enable adharma, making governance morally accountable for the consequences.

Duryodhana addresses King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, pointing to a dice-expert (implicitly Śakuni) and urging the king to authorize a gambling match intended to strip the Pāṇḍavas of their wealth—setting in motion the infamous dice-game episode.