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Shloka 78

भवन्ति पुरुषव्याप्र नाविका: कालपर्यये । तथा कर्ण समासाद्य तावका: पुरुषर्षभ

bhavanti puruṣavyāprā nāvikāḥ kālaparyaye | tathā karṇa samāsādya tāvakāḥ puruṣarṣabha ||

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ പുരുഷശ്രേഷ്ഠാ! കാലത്തിന്റെ നിർണായക തിരിവിൽ തോണിക്കാർ അത്യന്തം ജാഗ്രതയോടെ ഉത്സാഹത്തോടെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ, കർണ്ണനെ സമീപിച്ചയുടൻ നിന്റെ യോദ്ധാക്കളും ശക്തമായി ഉണർന്നു പ്രവർത്തിച്ചു।

भवन्तिbecome/are
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormLat (Present), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
पुरुषव्याप्राःmanly/energetic (lit. having पुरुष-व्यापार)
पुरुषव्याप्राः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरुषव्याप्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नाविकाःboatmen/sailors
नाविकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाविक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कालपर्ययेat the turn/change of time (in a crisis)
कालपर्यये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकालपर्यय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
कर्णO Karna
कर्ण:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
समासाद्यhaving approached/reached
समासाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Active
तावकाःyour (men)/belonging to you
तावकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुरुषर्षभO bull among men
पुरुषर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karna
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address puruṣarṣabha)
K
Kauravas (tāvakāḥ)
B
boatmen (nāvikāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how decisive moments (kāla-paryaya) awaken heightened effort: just as boatmen become most vigilant in dangerous crossings, warriors intensify their resolve when rallied around a capable leader like Karṇa.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava forces, upon reaching and aligning with Karṇa, became vigorously active—suggesting a surge of confidence and coordinated action under Karṇa’s presence.