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Shloka 42

अर्जुनस्य द्रोणिप्रतिघातः कर्णोपसर्पणं च

Arjuna Checks Droṇaputra; Karṇa Advances

थनुश्विच्छेद भल्‍्लेन जघानाश्रांश्व सप्तभि: । ध्वजमेकेषुणोन्मथ्य त्रिभिस्तं हृद्यताडयत्‌

sañjaya uvāca | dhanuḥ-śviccheda-bhallena jaghānāśrāṃś ca saptabhiḥ | dhvajam ekeṣuṇonmathya tribhis taṃ hṛdi atāḍayat ||

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ക്ഷുരധാരമുള്ള ഭല്ല അമ്പുകൊണ്ട് അവൻ അവന്റെ ധനുസ്സ് മുറിച്ചു; ഏഴ് അമ്പുകളാൽ കുതിരകളെ വീഴ്ത്തി. ഒരൊറ്റ അമ്പുകൊണ്ട് ധ്വജം പിഴുതെറിഞ്ഞ ശേഷം, മൂന്ന് അമ്പുകളാൽ വൃഷസേനന്റെ വക്ഷസ്ഥലത്ത് കുത്തി.

धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विच्छेदम्cutting, severing
विच्छेदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविच्छेद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भल्लेनwith a bhalla-arrow
भल्लेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभल्ल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
जघानstruck, slew
जघान:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular
अश्वान्horses
अश्वान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सप्तभिःwith seven
सप्तभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
ध्वजम्banner, standard
ध्वजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एकेषुणाwith one arrow
एकेषुणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootएक-इषु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उन्मथ्यhaving uprooted/struck down
उन्मथ्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootउन्मथ्
FormLyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
त्रिभिःwith three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हृदिin the chest/heart-region
हृदि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहृद्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अताडयत्struck, smote
अताडयत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootतड्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
V
Vṛṣasena
S
Sātyaki
C
charioteer (sārathi)
B
bow (dhanuḥ)
H
horses (aśvāḥ)
B
banner/standard (dhvaja)
A
arrows (iṣu, bhalla)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the battlefield ethic of kṣatriya-dharma: victory is pursued through decisive, technically precise action—disabling the opponent’s mobility (horses), weapon (bow), and morale-symbol (banner)—even when such efficiency entails severe violence.

In the clash described by Sañjaya, the attacker cuts the opponent’s bow with a bhalla arrow, kills the horses with seven arrows, knocks down the banner with one arrow, and then strikes Vṛṣasena in the chest with three arrows; the accompanying tradition identifies the charioteer as also being slain in this sequence.