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Shloka 1

कर्णपर्व — अध्याय ४०

Karṇa’s Pressure on the Pāñcālas; Duryodhana Disabled; Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

निफमश (0) आज अन न - युद्धसे पीछे न हटना ही राजा पुरूरवाका उत्तम चरित्र है। एकचत्वारिशो< ध्याय: राजा शल्यका कर्णको एक हंस और कौएका उपाख्यान सुनाकर उसे श्रीकृष्ण और अर्जुनकी प्रशंसा करते हुए उनकी शरणमें जानेकी सलाह देना संजय उवाच मारिषाधिरथे: श्रुत्वा वाचो युद्धाभिनन्दिन: । शल्योडब्रवीत्‌ पुन: कर्ण निदर्शनमिदं वच:,संजय कहते हैं--माननीय नरेश! युद्धका अभिनन्दन करनेवाले अधिरथपुत्र कर्णकी पूर्वोक्त बात सुनकर फिर शल्यने उससे यह दृष्टान्तयुक्त बात कही--

sañjaya uvāca

māriṣādhiratheḥ śrutvā vāco yuddhābhinandinaḥ |

śalyo 'bravīt punaḥ karṇa nidarśanam idaṃ vacaḥ ||

Sanjaya said: “O revered king! Having heard the words of Karna, the son of Adhiratha, who delights in war, Shalya again addressed Karna, speaking these words by way of an illustrative example.”

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
मारिषO noble sir (term of address)
मारिष:
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अधिरथस्यof Adhiratha
अधिरथस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअधिरथ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
वाचःwords
वाचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
युद्धाभिनन्दिनःof the one who delights in battle
युद्धाभिनन्दिनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootयुद्धाभिनन्दिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शल्यःShalya
शल्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
कर्णO Karna
कर्ण:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
निदर्शनम्an illustration/example
निदर्शनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिदर्शन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचःspeech/statement
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sanjaya)
कर्ण (Karna)
शल्य (Shalya)
अधिरथ (Adhiratha)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames ethical persuasion: Shalya prepares to guide Karna through a nidarśana (illustrative example), implying that counsel in war should be grounded in reflective instruction rather than mere martial enthusiasm.

Sanjaya reports to the king that after hearing Karna’s war-approving words, Shalya speaks again to Karna, introducing an instructive example that will shape the ensuing advice.