Shloka 49

Devanagari script

दारयन्‌ बहुधा सैन्यं रणे चरति कालवत्‌ | यत्रैष शब्दस्तुमुलस्तत्र सूत रथं नय,उस भयंकर शब्दको सुनकर द्रोणाचार्यने अपने सारथिसे कहा--'सूत! यह सात्वतकुलका महारथी वीर सात्यकि रफक्षेत्रमें क्ुद्ध होकर कौरव-सेनाको बारंबार विदीर्ण करता हुआ कालके समान विचर रहा है। सारथे! जहाँ यह भयानक शब्द हो रहा है, वहीं मेरे रथको ले चलो

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | dārayan bahudhā sainyaṃ raṇe carati kālavat | yatraiṣa śabdas tumulas tatra sūta rathaṃ naya |

Translation

സൈന്യത്തെ വീണ്ടും വീണ്ടും പിളർത്തിക്കൊണ്ട് അവൻ യുദ്ധത്തിൽ കാലനെപ്പോലെ സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നു. ഹേ സൂതാ! എവിടെയാണീ തുമുലമായ ഗർജ്ജനം ഉയരുന്നത്, അവിടേക്ക് രഥം നയിക്ക.

Word by Word

• {'sañjaya uvāca': 'Sanjaya said', 'dārayan': 'rending, tearing apart, splitting', 'bahudhā': 'in many ways

• again and again', 'sainyam': 'army, host of troops', 'raṇe': 'in battle', 'carati': 'moves, roams, acts', 'kālavat': 'like Kāla (Time/Death), deathlike', 'yatra': 'where', 'eṣaḥ': 'this (person/one here)', 'śabdaḥ': 'sound, cry, roar', 'tumulaḥ': 'tumultuous, thunderous, uproarious', 'tatra': 'there, to that place', 'sūta': 'charioteer (also: one of the sūta class)', 'ratham': 'chariot', 'naya': 'lead, drive (imperative)'}

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Suta (charioteer)
• Ratha (chariot)
• Kāla (Time/Death)
• battlefield
• army (Kaurava host implied)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the battlefield ethic of kṣatriya duty: decisive action in response to threat. It also uses Kāla (Death/Time) imagery to underscore how war reduces human agency before overwhelming force and fate.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya describes a warrior rampaging through the opposing ranks, producing a terrifying uproar. A commander addresses his charioteer, ordering him to drive toward the source of that tumult to confront the threat directly.