Shloka 16

तमोगुण-निरूपण

Analysis of Tamas and its Marks

Devanagari script

सर्व एते गुणा वृत्तास्तामसा: सम्प्रकीर्तिता: । ये चान्ये विहिता भावा लोके5स्मिन्‌ भावसंज्ञिता:

Transliteration

sarva ete guṇā vṛttās tāmasāḥ samprakīrtitāḥ | ye cānye vihitā bhāvā loke 'smin bhāvasaṃjñitāḥ ||

Translation

വായു പറഞ്ഞു—ഇവിടെ വിവരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന ഈ ഗുണങ്ങളും വൃത്തികളും എല്ലാം താമസമാണെന്ന് പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. ഈ ലോകത്തിൽ ‘ഭാവം/വൃത്തി’ എന്ന പേരിൽ അംഗീകരിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന മറ്റു മനോസ്ഥിതികളും ആചാരരീതികളും ഇതേ വർഗ്ഗത്തിലേയ്ക്കാണ് ഉൾക്കൊള്ളേണ്ടത്.

Word by Word

सर्वेall

एतेthese

गुणाःqualities

वृत्ताःoccurred; existing; present

तामसाःtamasic; of darkness/ignorance

सम्प्रकीर्तिताःare declared; are proclaimed

येwhich; those who/that

चand

अन्येother

विहिताःprescribed; laid down; ordained

भावाःstates; dispositions; entities

लोकेin the world

अस्मिन्in this

भावसंज्ञिताःcalled/known as 'bhāvas' (states)

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vāyu (Vāyudeva)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames a moral-psychological classification: the traits under discussion are identified as tāmasic—arising from tamas (inertia, confusion, heedlessness). It also broadens the scope by saying that other worldly ‘states’ (bhāvas) recognized or prescribed can be understood through such guṇa-based categories, encouraging discernment about the quality behind one’s conduct.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyu (the Wind-god) is speaking in a didactic passage, explaining how certain behaviors and mental states should be categorized. He concludes that the described qualities fall under tamas and indicates that other recognized dispositions in the world likewise fit into this framework of classification.