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Shloka 54

अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता

Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality

प्रियो वा यदि वा द्वेष्यस्तेषां तु श्राद्धमावपेत्‌ । य: सहस्रं सहस्राणां भोजयेदनृतान्‌ नर: । एकस्तान्मन्त्रवित्‌ प्रीत: सर्वानहति भारत

priyo vā yadi vā dveṣyas teṣāṁ tu śrāddham āvapet | yaḥ sahasraṁ sahasrāṇāṁ bhojayed anṛtān naraḥ | ekas tān mantravit prītaḥ sarvān ahati bhārata ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—അവർ പ്രിയരായാലും ദ്വേഷ്യരായാലും, അവരുടെ നിമിത്തം ശ്രാദ്ധം അർപ്പിക്കണം. എന്നാൽ ആയിരങ്ങളായ അപാത്രരെ ഭക്ഷിപ്പിക്കുന്ന മനുഷ്യനേക്കാൾ, ഹേ ഭാരതാ, സന്തുഷ്ടനായ ഒരൊറ്റ മന്ത്രവിദ് എല്ലാവരെയും മറികടക്കും.

प्रियःdear (person)
प्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
द्वेष्यःhateful, to-be-hated (person)
द्वेष्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वेष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
श्राद्धम्śrāddha rite (funeral offering)
श्राद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आवपेत्should offer/sow (perform as offering)
आवपेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + वप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहस्रम्a thousand
सहस्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सहस्राणाम्of thousands
सहस्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
भोजयेत्should feed (cause to eat)
भोजयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (caus. भोजय-)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनृतान्untruthful, false (people)
अनृतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनृत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नरःman
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एकःone (single person)
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मन्त्रवित्knower of mantras
मन्त्रवित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्रविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रीतःpleased, satisfied
प्रीतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अहतिstrikes down, destroys
अहति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
Ś
śrāddha
M
mantravit (knower of mantras)

Educational Q&A

Ritual giving is not measured merely by quantity; qualification and ritual competence matter. Even if one feeds vast numbers, the presence and satisfaction of a single competent mantra-knower can surpass that, and śrāddha should be performed without bias of personal like or dislike.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira in the Anuśāsana Parva, he explains principles of śrāddha: one should perform it impartially, and the efficacy of the rite depends strongly on proper recipients and the involvement of a qualified mantra-knower rather than on mass feeding alone.