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Shloka 19

Go-dāna-stuti and Ghṛta-Japa

Praise of cow-gift and ghee-centered recitation

गा वै दत्त्वा गोव्रती स्यात्‌ त्रिरात्रं निशां चैकां संवसेतेह ताभि: । कामाष्ट म्यां वर्तितव्यं त्रिरात्रं रसैर्वा गो: शकृता प्रस्नवैर्वा

gā vai dattvā govratī syāt trirātraṃ niśāṃ caikāṃ saṃvaset iha tābhiḥ | kāmāṣṭamyāṃ vartitavyaṃ trirātraṃ rasair vā goḥ śakṛtā prasnavair vā ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഗോ ദാനം ചെയ്ത ശേഷം മനുഷ്യൻ മൂന്നു രാത്രികൾ ‘ഗോവ്രതം’ അനുഷ്ഠിക്കണം; ഇവിടെ ഒരു രാത്രി ഗോകളുടെ സഹവാസത്തിൽ താമസിക്കണം. കാമാഷ്ടമിയിൽ നിന്ന് ആരംഭിച്ച് മൂന്നു രാത്രികൾ ഗോപദാർത്ഥങ്ങളായ പാൽ/ഗോരസം, ഗോമയം അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഗോമൂത്രം മാത്രം ആശ്രയിച്ച് നിയന്ത്രണവും ശുദ്ധിയും പാലിക്കണം.

गाःcows
गाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
गोव्रतीone observing the cow-vow
गोव्रती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोव्रतिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्रिरात्रम्for three nights
त्रिरात्रम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिरात्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निशाम्a night
निशाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिशा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एकाम्one (single)
एकाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
संवसेतshould dwell/live together
संवसेत:
TypeVerb
Rootवस् (निवासे) + सम्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
ताभिःwith those (cows)
ताभिः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
कामाष्टम्याम्on (the day of) Kāma-aṣṭamī
कामाष्टम्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकामाष्टमी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
वर्तितव्यम्is to be observed / must be followed
वर्तितव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligatory), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
त्रिरात्रम्for three nights
त्रिरात्रम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिरात्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रसैःwith juices/liquids (as food)
रसैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरस
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
गोःof a cow
गोः:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
शकृताwith dung
शकृता:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशकृत्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रस्नवैःwith (cow-)urine (lit. prasnava)
प्रस्नवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रस्नव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
C
cow (go)
G
Govrata (cow-vow)
K
Kāmāṣṭamī

Educational Q&A

The verse links charity (giving a cow) with disciplined follow-through: the donor should undertake a short vow marked by restraint, purity, and proximity to the gifted/holy object (living with cows), showing that ethical giving is completed by self-control and reverent conduct.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma and gifts, he prescribes the procedure after cow-gift: observe a three-night govrata, spend one night among cows, and from Kāma-aṣṭamī maintain a restricted diet consisting only of cow-derived substances.