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Shloka 54

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

भरतभूषण नरेश! वैश्यके धनको पाँच भागोंमें विभक्त करना चाहिये। फिर वैश्या और शूद्राके पुत्रोमें उस धनका विभाजन कैसे करना चाहिये, यह बताता हूँ ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | vaiśyaputreṇa hartavyāś catvāro bhāgāḥ pitur dhanāt | pañcamas tu smṛto bhāgaḥ śūdrāputrāya bhārata ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ ഭരതനന്ദനാ! വൈശ്യ പിതാവിന്റെ ധനത്തിൽ നിന്ന് വൈശ്യാ-ജന്യ പുത്രൻ നാലു ഭാഗം എടുക്കണം; ഹേ ഭാരതാ, ശൂദ്രാ-ജന്യ പുത്രനു അഞ്ചാം ഭാഗമെന്നു സ്മൃതികൾ പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കുന്നു.

वैश्यापुत्रेणby the Vaiśya’s son
वैश्यापुत्रेण:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्यापुत्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हर्तव्याis to be taken/should be taken
हर्तव्या:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहृ (हर्)
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligative), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
चत्वारःfour (parts)
चत्वारः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भागाःshares/portions
भागाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पितुःof the father
पितुः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
धनात्from the wealth
धनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
पञ्चमःthe fifth
पञ्चमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
स्मृतःis declared/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
भागःa share/portion
भागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रापुत्रायfor the Śūdra’s son
शूद्रापुत्राय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रापुत्र
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
V
Vaiśya
Ś
Śūdrā
P
paternal wealth (pitur dhanam)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma states a Smṛti-style rule for dividing a Vaiśya father’s property: four shares go to the son born of a Vaiśyā, while one share is allotted to the son born of a Śūdrā, presenting a graded inheritance scheme tied to social categories.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on legal-ethical norms, here specifying how paternal wealth should be apportioned among sons of different maternal status.